内疚和羞耻的关系_来自反事实思维的验证_高学德(6)

社会心理学研究

高学德等:内疚和羞耻的关系 129

在样本的选取上,由于罪犯样本的特殊性和监狱管理制度的特殊性,在研究过程中对这类被试缺乏更好的控制和指导,以致所收集到的有效样本资料较大学生样本偏少,无法对他们的犯罪状况和人口学特征进行具体的分析和探讨,这在很大程度上限制了本研究结果的解释力度和外推性。方法论方面,我们将尝试采用实证研究与质化研究(如访谈、内容分析、产品分析等)相结合、纵向研究和横向研究相结合的研究策略,全面探讨反事实思维与两类道德感的关系。

45

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TangneyJP,Recentadvancesintheempiricalstudyofshameandguilt.AmericanBehavioralScientists,1995,38(8):1132-1145

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谢波等.中国大学生羞耻和内疚的现象学差异.心理学报,2000,32(1):105-109

钱铭怡,戚健利.大学生羞耻和内疚差异的对比研究.心理学报,2002,34(6):626-633

DavidR.Mandal,MandeepK.Dhami./WhatIdid0versus/WhatImighthavedone0:Effectoffactualversuscounter-factualthinkingonblame,guilt,andshameinprisons.JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology.2005:1-9

6 结论

611 总体来看,本研究结果初步支持内疚与羞耻差异的/内疚事件和羞耻事件0假设,但不支持/自我和行为0假设,甚至与该假设相反,即自我与内疚相联系,羞耻与行为相联系;

612 大学生和青少年罪犯反事实思维与内疚和羞耻的关系具有某些方面的一致性,但也存在着很大的差异,对大学生而言,自我导向的反事实思维与内疚感有更为密切的联系,对青少年罪犯而言,行为导向的反事实思维与羞耻感有更为密切的联系。

9

杨红升,黄希庭.关于反事实思维的研究.心理学动态,2000,12-18

10张结海.后悔的/状态改变-状态继续0效应:一个概念

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/WhatImighthavedone0:Effectoffactualversuscounter-factualthinkingonblame,guilt,andshameinprisons.JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology.2005:1-914谢波.中国大学生的羞耻和内疚的差异.北京大学心理

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5 参考文献

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施承荪,钱铭怡.内疚和羞耻的差异.心理学动态,1999,7(1):35-38

Niedenthal,PM,Tangney,J.P,Gavanski,I./IfonlyIweren.t0versus/IfonlyIhadn.t0:Distinguishingshameandguiltincounterfactualthinking.JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1994,67:585-5953

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TheRelationshipBetweenGuiltandShame

)))fromtheperspectiveofcounterfactualthinking

GaoXuede1,ZhouAibao2

(1TheEconomicManagementCollegeofGansuUnitedUniversity,Lanzhou,730000)(2DepartmentofPsychology,NorthwestNormalUniversity,Lanzhou,730070)

Abstract Thisstudyinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenguiltandshamebyusingthesituationalsimulatedmethodfromtheper-spectiveofcounterfactualthinkingandcomparedthecharacteristicsoftherealationshipofcollegestudentspandjuvenilecriminalspcounterfactualthinkingwithguiltandshame.Theresultsareasfollows:1)Theresultofthisstudypartlysupports/guiltcasesandshamecases0hypothesis,butdoesnotsupportthe/selfandbehavior0hypothesisofthedifferencesbetweenguiltandshameadvancedbywesternscholarsandevengoesagainsttheirstudyresults.2)Asforcollegestudents,theirsel-forientedcounterfactualthinkingare

morerelatedtoguiltthanthatofjuvenilecriminals;asforjuvenilecriminals,theirbehavior-orientedcounterfactualthinkingismorerelatedtoshamethanthatofjuvenilecriminals.

Keywords guiltshame/guiltcasesandshamecases0hypothesis/selfandbehavior0hypothesis