2015.7中国园林
主题 数字景观
The Objective Indicating of Landscape Architecture Subjective Perception:
The Objective Information Translation Principle of Digitization and Quantitative Evaluation of Visual Perception for Landscape Architecture
风景园林主观感受的客观表出——风景园林视觉感受量化评价的客观信息转译原理
刘滨谊 / LIU Bin-yi摘 要:以风景园林主观感受评价的数字量化为核心,阐述了作者提出的风景园林主观感受经由风景园林客观环境信息转译得到的原理:风景园林感受可以理解为风景园林客观环境信息被接收、转译、进而成为主观感受信息,这样一个信息编码、处理和传输的过程。阐述内容包括:风景旷奥度基本概念,风景感受的三层次空间模式,借以反映16个旷奥标准的指标测度。其中,以地形复杂度M0、景场地形起伏度M1、景场空间表面起伏度M2、景域视觉起伏度M3/景象丰富度M3'为例,给出了基于风景数字地表模型DTM数据的指标测度的数学演算公式。这一最初于30年前提出创立的原理对于今天尝试景观感受量化与量化评价研究实践具有重要的意义和作用。
关 键 词:风景园林;景观分析评价;视觉感受量化评价;风景旷奥度;景观美感量化文章编号:1000-6664(2015)07-0006-04中图分类号:TU 986 文献标志码:A收稿日期:2015-06-08; 修回日期:2015-06-16
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目“城市宜居环境风景园林小气候适应性设计理论和方法研究“(编号51338007)资助
Abstract: Focusing on the digitizing and quantification of landscape subjective evaluation, the principle of the subjective perception of landscape architecture through the objective environment information translation proposed by the authors was elaborated: landscape perception is a process from information coding, processing and transmission in which landscape objective environment information is received, translated, and thus becomes a subjective perception information. The contents this article described include: basic concept of landscape openness and serene ranking, two criteria for landscape spatial perception evaluation, and three-level spatial patterns of landscape perception based on landscape openness and serene, which are indicated by 16 openness and serene index and measurements. Taking the index of M0 (complexity of terrain), M1 (fluctuation of field terrain), M2 (fluctuation of field terrain surface relief), M3 (visual fluctuation of viewshed), and M3' (scene richness of viewshed) as the example, the calculus of the mathematical formula of the index and measure based on landscape digital terrain model (DTM) were demonstrated. One of the meaning and function of this principle, method and technique, initially proposed and created 30 years ago, is to provide a useful way for digitizing and evaluating the subjective-related perception of landscape through the translation of landscape objective environment information.
Key words: landscape architecture; landscape analysis and evaluation; digitizing and evaluation of visual perception; landscape openness and serene ranking; digitize the sense of landscape beauty
风景园林环境与感受的数字化是实现风景园林量化分析评价及其实践应用的关键技术,是风景客观环境与风景园林主观感受之间的桥梁,是实现风景园林分析评价的理性化途径。风景园林环境与感受的数字化,一方面需要诸如评价标准与指标的理论探索作为根据,另一方面需要指标量化模型公式的发明验证作为实施。该领域,虽然国际上至今已有近40年的历史,中国也有30年的历史[1-9],其研究至今仍然
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存在许多待解之谜而成为风景园林分析评价理论的前沿高地。
数十年以来,数字量化又是风景园林分析评价的难中之难和多有争议的地带。随着3S、计算机模拟、多媒体、大数据等技术的突飞猛进,风景园林客观环境分析评价的数量化正日渐成熟。然而,如何超越调查问卷、语义和计分评价方法,对因人而异的风景园林主观感受予以相对客观、理性的评价仍然迷雾重重。能
否基于风景园林主观感受与风景园林客观环境的相关性,超越常规的幻灯片或现场被测人员主观感受的问卷评价,寻找一种方法技术,让风景园林感受的量化通过风景园林客观环境的量化评价而得出,实现风景园林“主观感受的客观表出”,这是作者多年以来的重要研究方向[2,10-15],也是本文阐述的中心议题。
景观分析评价的基础理论认为,风景园林客观环境是引发人类风景园林主观感受的客观

