南海凝心计算机网络第四版习题答案(中文版)
4-38 One consequence of using a spanning tree to forward frames in an extended LAN is that some bridges may not participate at all in forwarding frames. Identify three such bridges in Fig. 4-44. Is there any reason for keeping these bridges, even though they are not used for forwarding?
在一个扩展的LAN中使用生成树来转发帧的一个结果是，有的网桥可能根本不参与帧的转发过程。请在图4.44中标出三个这样的网桥。既然这些网桥没有被用于转发帧，那么是否有理由要保留这些网桥呢？
网桥 G, I 和 J 没有被用来转发任何帧。在一个扩展的LAN中具有回路的主要原因是增加可靠性。如果当前生成树中的任何网桥出了故障，（动态）生成树算法重构一个新的生成树，其中可能包括一个或更多不属于先前生成树部分的网桥。
4-42 Briefly describe the difference between store-and-forward and cut-through switches.
存储-转发型交换机完整存储输入的每个帧，然后检查并转发。直通型交换机在输入帧没有全部到达之前就开始转发。一得到目的地址，转发就开始了。
4-43 Store-and-forward switches have an advantage over cut-through switches with respect to damaged frames.
Explain what it is.
Store-and-forward switches store entire frames before forwarding them. After a frame comes in, the checksum can be verified. If the frame is damaged, it is discarded immediately. With cut=through, damaged frames cannot be discarded by the switch because by the time the error is detected, the frame is already gone. Trying to deal with the problem is like locking the barn door after the horse has escaped.
存储-转发型交换机在转发帧之前存储整个帧。当一个帧到达时，校验和将被验证。如果帧已被损坏，它将被立即丢弃。
在直通型交换机，损坏的帧不能被交换机丢弃。因为当错误被检测到时，帧已经过去了。想要处理这个问题就像是在马已经逃逸之后再锁上牲口棚。
