柠檬脾气个人GMAT语法笔记,综合Manhattan SC及 prep语法笔记
3.with独立主格结构：
由“with ＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。
E.g.: He used to sleep, with the door open. 他过去常开着门睡觉。（形容词）
E.g.: With you to help us，we will finish the task in time. （不定式）
NB. with型独立主格做伴随状语，修饰前面分句，亦可以称修饰前面谓语动词与主语。
Ex. The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, with a
five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling over the last
two years. 错 (with 独立主格结构不能修饰profits)
**有时候with + noun. + modifier其实是单纯的介宾短语，而不是独立主格结构。一定
要注意从逻辑上进行区分（如果从语法上入手区分会太耗费时间也没有必要，特此再
次强调要从逻辑看语法的重要性），比如这个正确的句子OG13-7：The intricate
structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes called
ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of
the vertebrate eye. 因为called ommatidia并不是表示miniature eyes的动作、状态等独
立主格表示出来的逻辑，本质上with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia并
非独立主格结构，而是单纯的介词短语，介词短语修饰的是其临近的名词或名词短语，
在此根据逻辑with短语修饰临近的the compound insect eye。
3. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon
Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water
thought to be frozen from top to bottom. （prep2-155）
同位语与独立主格最主要的区别在于：同位语描述的是事物的具体内容、特征，是一
种解释；独立主格则是表示一种伴随状态，描述与所描述分句同步发生的事情。
with独立主格，不能表示结果： 伴随含义错误，应该用 ，doing表示结果
… its gold reserves, raising fears that other countries do the….
