调时间状语从句的句式,that后用肯定式。
e.g. I didn’t know what kind of a country she is until I came to China.
→ It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she is.正是直到我到了中国我才知道她(指中国)是一个怎样的国家。 B.例题讲解
1)It was on the beach ______ Miss White found the kid lying dead. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 35)
A. that B. this C. it D. which 解析:It was?that?为强调句型,此句话中强调的是地点状语。因此正确答案为A选项。
2)It is not until you have lost your health _______ you know its value. (《大学英语》(B)Test6, 44)
A. until B. when C. what D. that
解析:It is not until?that?为强调句,强调的是until时间状语,因此正确答案为D选项。
(十四)从句
1.名词从句
A. 知识要点
在句中起名词作用的从句称为名词从句,可以在句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句通常由that, whether/if, 疑问词(which, what, why, how等)以及连接词(whenever“无论什么时候”, whatever“无论什么”等)引导。 (1)由that引导的名词从句:that无任何语义,不做句子成分,仅起连接主、从句的作用。在宾语从句中常可省去,其他名词从句中不能省。
e.g. That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious. 很明显她不懂口语。(主从)
I think (that) he is a good actor. 我认为他是个好演员。(宾从)
The truth is that he is only eighteen. 事实是他只有18岁。(表从)
The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me.安迟到的事实不足为奇。(同位语从句)
(2)由whether / if 引导的名词性从句:whether / if表示“是否”的意思。
e.g. Whether she goes with us (or not) is not important to me. 她是否和我们一起去对我而 言不重要。(主语从句) I don’t know whether/if he will come. 我不知道他来不来。(宾语从句)
(3)由疑问词引导的名词性从句:疑问词引导名词性从句时,在从句中担任语法成分,而且常保留其本身的含义。
e.g. Why they left the country is a secret.他们为什么离开了乡下是个秘密。(主从)
She explained to him how he can start the car. 她向他解释怎样才能启动这辆汽车。(宾 从)
The question was who owned the house. 问题是谁是那房子的主人。(表从) (4)名词从句中注意的几点:
①that引导主语从句或宾语从句时,可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。
e.g. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪,他竟做错了。(主从,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that所引导的从句)
e.g. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。(宾从,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为that所引导的从句)
②在同位语从句中,可接同位语的名词通常是抽象名词,且通常带冠词。常见的有:idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑问), evidence(证据), fact(事实), hope(希望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan(计划), promise
(许诺), feeling(感觉), truth (真理,事实)等。
B.例题讲解
1)With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 38)
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
解析:此题中he was a man of action这个句子做pleased的宾语,而在这个宾语从句中句子成分完整且不缺词义,因此正确答案为B选项。
2)I have the complacent feeling ______ I’m highly intelligent. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 34)
A. what B. which C. that D. this 解析:feeling后面的句子是一个同位语从句,要用that来引导,因此正确答案为C选项。
3)We all thought ______a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.((《大学英语》(B) Test3, 36)
A. that B. which C. this D. it 解析:此题中,that所引导的从句是真实宾语,因此在谓语动词thought之后缺少一个形式宾语it,因此正确答案为D选项。
2.定语从句 A. 知识要点
(1)在句子中作定语的从句称为定语从句。
e.g. He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. ↓ ↓ 先行词 关联词 他是那个要在世纪广场上举行音乐会的人。 (2)关联词在定语从句中充当一定成分, 关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 关系
代词 who 指人 作主语 whom 作宾语(可省)
that 指人或物 作主语/宾语(作宾语时可省) whose 作定语 which 指物 作主语/宾语 关系
副词 when 表示时间的名词 作时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 作地点状语 why reason 作原因状语

