e.g. Catherine could have bought that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy friend.
凯瑟琳本来可以买那件大衣的,但是她把钱借给一个更急需的朋友了。
4.need not + have done: 这一结构表示本来没有必要做的事情却做了。
e.g. You need not have done the job.你没有必要做那种工作的。
C. 例题讲解
1)The young lady coming over to us ______ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 42)
A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be
解析:A。从后面的进一步解释中我们可以看到说话人语气十分肯定,表示对??很有把握的推测。
2)You ______ buy some reference books when you go to college. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 27)
A. could B. will have to C. must D. might
解析:B。could与might与题意不符。must表示“主观要求必须做某事”,have to则表示“客观情况要求不得不做某事”。根据题意,选B最恰当。
3)He didn’t pass the final examination. He ______ it. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 28)
A. must have prepared for B. ought to prepare for C. ought to have prepared for D. prepare for
解析:C。此题考查情态动词+完成式。“ought to+完成式”表示过去本应该做却没有做。
(九)动词的语态
A. 知识要点
1.动词的语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的形式:be+过去分词。 e.g. Such stories are published for children.
e.g. The TV was turned on and everybody sat there, watching it.
2.英语中的一些感官动词如see, watch, notice, hear和使役
ought
to
动词make, have, let +不带to的不定式(do sth.), 但在被动语态中to则不能少。
e.g. I saw him enter the classroom. / He was seen to enter the classroom..
3.在need, want, require等及物动词后面接动名词的主动形式可以表示被动含义。
e.g. My hair needs cutting.我该理发了。
注意:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
B.例题讲解
1)Every year thousands of lives ______ in road accidents because of careless driving. (《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 41) A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost
解析:D。因为是每一年,所以句子用现在时;生命被夺走,所以用被动语态。
2)After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ______ all sorts of awkward questions. (《大学英语》(B)Test 3, 40) A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer
解析:D。题项中将make sb. do sth.(让某人干某事)转换成
了被动语态 sb. was made to do sth.(某人被让干某时),因此to不能少。
3)My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs ______.
A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaning
解析:A。need+动名词主动形式(cleaning)可以表被动含义。
(十) 虚拟语气
A.虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况,考试中以虚拟语气为考点的试题也不算少,大家应该尽量掌握。 B.知识要点
1.虚拟语气用于if引导的条件状语从句
表示对不可能发生的事实的一种假设;或对已经发生过的事实进行一种相反情况的假设;
时 间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 虚拟现在时
(与现在事实相反) 动词的过去式 (be一般用were) should (would, could, might )+动词原形
虚拟过去时
(与过去事实相反) had done should (would, could, might )+have done 虚拟将来时
(与将来事实可能相反) 动词过去式 should+动词原形
were to+动词原形 should (would, could, might )+动词原形
2.虚拟语气用在表示要求、命令、建议语气的词引导的从句中: (1)用在动词suggest(建议), order(命令), insist(坚持), require(需要), demand(要求),propose(提议)等引导的宾语从句中,以及它们相应的名词suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表语和同位语从句中,这个从句的谓语要用“(should)+动词原形”
e.g. We suggested that he(should)start now.我们建议他现在就开始。
e.g. My suggestion is that we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。
(2) 用在“It +be+ natural(necessary,strange,important,essential以及insisted,suggested,

