北电Alteon应用层交换机技术手册_Intelligent Traffic Managemen

4655 Great America Parkway

Santa Clara, CA 95054

Phone 1-800-4Nortel

9f61ba9b51e79b896802261c Alteon Intelligent Traffic Management Release 3.1.2

User’s Guide

part number: 216392-B, January 2005

2

Copyright ? 2005 Nortel Networks, 4655 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, California, 95054,

USA. All rights reserved. Part Number: 216392-B.

This document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying,

distribution, and decompilation. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form by any

means without prior written authorization of Nortel Networks, Inc. Documentation is provided “as is”

without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including any kind of implied or express

warranty of non-infringement or the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular

purpose.

U.S. Government End Users: This document is provided with a “commercial item” as defined by FAR

2.101 (Oct. 1995) and contains “commercial technical data” and “commercial software

documentation” as those terms are used in FAR 12.211-12.212 (Oct. 1995). Government End Users

are authorized to use this documentation only in accordance with those rights and restrictions set forth herein, consistent with FAR 12.211- 12.212 (Oct. 1995), DFARS 227.7202 (JUN 1995) and DFARS

252.227-7015 (Nov. 1995).

Nortel Networks, Inc. reserves the right to change any products described herein at any time, and

without notice. Nortel Networks, Inc. assumes no responsibility or liability arising from the use of

products described herein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by Nortel Networks, Inc. The use

and purchase of this product does not convey a license under any patent rights, trademark rights, or

any other intellectual property rights of Nortel Networks, Inc.

Alteon, Alteon Application Switch, Alteon Intelligent Traffic Management are trademarks of Nortel

Networks, Inc. in the United States and certain other countries.

Red Hat and all Red Hat-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red

Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Any other trademarks appearing in this manual are owned by their respective companies.

Originated in the USA.

Export

This product, software and related technology is subject to U.S. export control and may be subject to

export or import regulations in other countries. Purchaser must strictly comply with all such laws and regulations. A license to export or reexport may be required by the U.S. Department of Commerce. 216392-B

3 Contents

Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Related Technical Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Before Y ou Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

How to Get Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Chapter1: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

What is Alteon Intelligent Traffic Management? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Performance Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Deploying Alteon ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Hardware and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Basic Elements of Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Static Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Grouping Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Traffic Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Time Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Bulk Provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Alteon ITM Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Alteon EMS Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Alteon EMS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Before Y ou Start Managing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Traffic Flow in ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Application Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Alteon Intelligent Traffic Management User’s Guide

4Contents

Chapter2: Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Before Y ou Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Starting the Alteon ITM Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Launching Alteon EMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Selecting the Physical Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Configuring ITM to Prevent DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Validating SMTP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Checking for New Signature File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Selecting Applications to Classify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Notifying Updated Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Conflicting Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Prioritizing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Configuring Bandwidth Management Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Defining Traffic Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Creating Contract Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Configuring Time Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Applying and Saving Y our Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Deploying ITM Configuration to Multiple Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Checking Current Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Deleting Existing Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Configuring from a Remote Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Determining How to Prioritize Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Chapter3: Viewing Switch Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Viewing Denial of Service Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Viewing Layer 4 Filter Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Viewing Pattern Group Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Viewing Real Time Bandwidth Management Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Chapter4: Monitoring Switch Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Monitoring the Forwarding Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Monitoring Session Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Monitoring MP Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Monitoring SP-Specific Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

216392-B

Contents5 Monitoring SP Statistics by Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Chapter5: Advanced Database Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Database Administration Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80