曾经的曾经英语辅导
线粒体——线粒体是大型的细胞器，在其内部氧气结合物质产生ATP(三磷酸腺苷), 细胞主要的能源来源。线粒体包含他们自
己的DNA,RNA和核糖体,并在细胞中发现可以独立的自我复制。
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of interconnecting flattened tubular tunnels.
There are two sorts of endoplasmic reticulum - rough ER and smooth ER. The rough ER has lots of attached ribosomes.
The smooth ER has no attached ribosomes and so looks 'smooth'. The rough ER takes in the proteins made on the ribosomes
so that they cannot escape into the cytoplasm. The smooth ER is not involved in protein synthesis, but has other
functions. 内质网(ER)-内质网是一系列相互联系的平的管状通道。有两种类型的内质网——粗糙ER和滑面ER。粗糙的ER有很多附着的
核糖体。光滑的ER没有附着的核糖体,所以看起来“光滑”。粗糙的ER让在核糖体上合成的蛋白质进入,所以它们不能脱离进
入细胞质。光滑的ER没有参与蛋白质的合成,但有其它的功能。
3. Golgi Complex - The Golgi complex is composed of small membranous sacs, and is associated with the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). Though its function is still not entirely understood, it seems that proteins from the ER travel
to the Golgi complex, where they are transformed and packaged into sacs before being moved to their final destination.
高尔基复合体——高尔基复合体是由小的囊膜质组成,并且与内质网相联系(ER)。尽管它的功能还没有完全了解,似乎是蛋白质
由内质网转运到到高尔基复合体中,在那里它们被翻译并且在被运送到它们最后的位置之前被包装进囊泡。
4. Lysosomes - Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs of enzymes. In a controlled and specific way, they breakdown old
or unneeded parts of the cell into small organic molecules that can be reused.
溶酶体-溶酶体是膜相互结合的含有酶的囊泡。用一种被控制的并特殊的方式,他们将旧的或无用的细胞部分分解成可以重新利
用的有机小分子。
汉译英
1. 所有的细胞都有细胞骨架，网络结构的纤丝充满了它所能触及的全部空间并且对细胞器提供支持作用。细胞骨架大部分由微
丝组成，微丝主要由可收缩的肌动蛋白组成。动植物细胞的许多种类型细胞内运动与肌动蛋白有关。
All eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, which is a convoluted latticework of filaments and tubules that appears
to fill all available space in the cell and provides support for various other organelles. A large portion of the
cytoskeleton consists of threadlike microfilaments composed mainly of the contractile protein actin. They are
involved in many types of intracellular movements in plant and animal cells.
2. 第二类蛋白是肌球蛋白，它与肌肉细胞的收缩有关。细胞骨架的另一个主要结构成分是微管，由球状的微管蛋白组成，象脚
手架一般维持细胞的稳定形态。细胞骨架的中间丝提供了细胞质伸缩动力。机械酶，例如，肌球蛋白，动力蛋白，驱动蛋白与
微丝，微管相互作用产生动力而引起细胞运动。
A second protein, myosin, is involve in the contraction of muscle cells. Another main structural component of the
cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, which are composed of the globular protein tubulin and together act as
scaffolding that provides a stable cell shape. Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments appear to impart tensile strength
to the cell cytoplasm. Mechanoenzymes such as myosin, dynein, and kinesin interact with the cytoskeletal filaments
and tubules to generate forces that cause movements.
第三次作业
英译汉
1. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to capture the sun's energy to split off water's
hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and
release oxygen. All living cells in turn use fuels derived from glucose and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to release
the sun's energy and reform water and carbon dioxide in the process (cellular respiration).
