曾经的曾经英语辅导
第一次作业
英译汉
1. Cell organelles are the structures within a cell. They are a bit like the organs in a human body. They each have a specific role to play and have a distinctive shape and size.
细胞器官是细胞的组成结构。他们有点像一个人类的身体里的器官。他们每个都具有特别的作用并且有独特的形状和大小。
2. Cell Membrane - The cell membrane encloses the cell contents. Its main function is to control what gets into and out of the cell.
细胞膜——细胞膜包裹着细胞内含物。它的主要功能是控制什么可以进出细胞。
3. Cytoplasm - The cytoplasm contains primarily water and protein material. This is where the other cell organelles reside, and where most of the cellular activities take place.
细胞质——细胞质主要包含水和蛋白质材料。这是其他细胞器存在的地方,也是大多数细胞活动发生的地方。
4. Nucleus - The nucleus generally contains the genetic material for the cell. Because it contains the DNA and
chromosomes, which affect the proteins that determine the activities of the cell, the nucleus can be considered
to be the cell's control centre. 细胞核-细胞核通常包含细胞的遗传物质。因为它包含了DNA和染色体,它们影响了决定细胞中活动的蛋白质,细胞核可以被认为
是细胞的控制中心。
5. Ribosomes - Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place. Some are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum,
and some are free in the cytoplasm.
核糖体——核糖体是发生蛋白质合成的地方。有些附着到粗面内质网上,有些游离在细胞质中。
汉译英
1. 质体有两种类型：白色体，缺乏色素，是淀粉，蛋白质和油的储备场所；色质体，含有色素。叶绿体是最重要的色质体，含
有与光合作用有关的叶绿素。叶绿体的内部结构是由多层膜形成的叶绿体基粒，其中包埋在基质中的基粒称子座。
There are two types of plastids: leucoplasts, which lack pigments and serve as storage sites for starch, proteins,
and oils; and chromoplasts, which contain pigments. The most important chromoplasts are chloroplasts-organelles
that contain the chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. The internal structure of chloroplasts includes stacks of
membranes called grana, which are embedded in a matrix called the stroma.
2. 生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。细胞器悬浮在
其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。
Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists
of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within
it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients,
ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.
第二次作业
英译汉
1. Mitochondria - Mitochondria are large organelles where oxygen is combined with food to produce ATP (adenosine
triphosphate), the primary energy source for the cell. Mitochondria contain their own DNA, RNA and ribosomes, and
can reproduce themselves independently of the cell in which they are found.
