霜标水月孤c. identifying decision criteria
d. selecting an alternative that can resolve the problem
e. allocating weights to alternatives.
48. Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-making
process?
a. Ignore criticism concerning the decision-making.
b. You may have to start the whole decision process over. (difficult)
c. Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50% effective.
d. 90% of problems with decision-making occur in the implementation step.
e. Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that upper management
demand.
49. Decision-making is synonymous with ______________.
a. managing. (easy)
b. leading.
c. controlling.
d. planning.
e. organizing.
51. Which of the following is not an "organizing" decision?
a. What are the organization's long-term objectives? (moderate)
b. How many employees should I have report directly to me?
c. How should jobs be designed?
d. How much centralization should there be in the organization?
e. When should the organization implement a different structure?
52. Which of the following is not a "leading" decision?
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a. How do I handle employees who appear to be low in motivation?
b. What is the most effective leadership style in a given situation?
c. How will a specific change affect worker productivity?
d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict?
e. How should jobs be designed? (moderate)
53. Which of the following is not a "controlling" decision?
a. What activities in the organization need to be controlled?
b. How should those activities be controlled?
c. When is a performance deviation significant?
d. When is the right time to stimulate conflict? (moderate)
e. What type of management information system should the organization have?
54. Managers are assumed to be ______________; they make consistent, value-maximizing choices within
specified constraints.
a. rational (easy)
b. leaders
c. organized
d. satisficers
e. programmed
57. Which of the following is not a valid assumption about rationality?
a. The problem is clear and unambiguous.
b. A single well-defined goal is to be achieved.
c. Preferences are clear.
d. P references are constantly changing. (difficult)
e. No time or cost constraints exist.
58. In "bounded rationality," managers construct ______________ models that extract the essential features from
problems.
a. multiple
b. binding
c. interactive
d. s implified (difficult)
e. past
59. According to the text, because managers can’t possibly analyze all information on all alternatives, managers
______________, rather than ______________.
a.maximize; satisfice
b.maximize; minimize
c.satisfice; minimize
d.satisfice; maximize (moderate)
62. An increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong is referred to as
_____________.
a.economies of commitment
b.escalation of commitment (moderate)
c.dimensional commitment
d.expansion of commitment
64. According to the text, all of the following are aspects of intuition EXCEPT:
a.experienced-based decisions
b.affect-initiated decisions
c.cognitive-based decisions
d.values or ethics-based decisions
e.programmed decisions (easy)
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