梦及深海During the 14 days of ___37___ competition, nearly 500,000 people will attend the event, including members of the royal family. On occasion this has included the Prince of Wales and Her majesty the Queen. One of Wimbledon’s past traditions required players to bow toward the tournament’s honored guests. Some players still ___38___ observe the tradition even though the players are no longer required to
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do so.
As the players compete, the tennis fans also participate in another tournament tradition by consuming the ___39___ strawberries and cream.
With the tennis world’s ____40____ now set on Wimbledon, don’t miss th e opportunity to catch this much-loved sporting event.
【答案】31. B 32. D
33. K 34. H
35. J 36. C
37. F 38. I
39. A 40. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统的网球比赛——温布尔登锦标赛，呼吁抓住观看这个备受喜爱的体育赛事的机会。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：在其漫长的历史中，这项比赛形成了有助于将其与其他体育项目区分开来的传统。根据help to可知此处要用动词，distinguish“区分”符合题意。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：这使得参赛者在那些身着网球俱乐部官方颜色的深绿色和紫色的选手中同样脱颖而出。根据stand out可知此处要用副词，equally“同样地”符合题意。故选D。【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不过，温布尔登最引人注目的传统是，所有比赛都在室外草地球场进行。根据tradition可知此处要用形容词，且由Wimbledon’s most可知是形容词的最高级，notable“显著的，引人注目的”符合题意。故选K。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了对获奖者的荣誉和认可外，冠军还将获得每年递增的奖金。根据冠词the和and recognition可知此处要用名词，glory“荣誉”符合题意。故选H。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：温布尔登网球公开赛由五个主要项目组成，包括一些初级项目和邀请赛。根据events可知此处要用形容词，junior“初级的”符合题意。故选J。
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【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：比赛项目大多是单人淘汰赛。根据single可知此处要用名词，elimination “淘汰”符合题意。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在为期14天的激烈比赛中，包括王室成员在内的近50万人将参加这一盛事。根据competition可知此处要用形容词，根据“nearly 500,000 people will attend the event”可知，fierce“激烈的”符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：有些球员仍然愉快地遵守传统，即使球员不再被要求这样做。根据observe 可知此处要用副词，happily“快乐地，愉快地”符合题意。故选I。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当运动员们在比赛时，网球迷们也参加了另一项比赛传统，即食用传统的草莓和奶油。根据strawberries and cream可知此处要用形容词，customary“通常的，习惯的”符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着网球世界的焦点现在都集中在温布尔登，不要错过抓住这个备受喜爱的体育赛事的机会。根据the tennis world’s可知此处要用名词， focus“焦点”符合题意。故选G。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general ___41___ trend in the number of accidents per departure.
Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) ___42___. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has
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become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to ___43___. Here are two of them.
Teach people to speak up—and to listen
A common error during airplane accidents used to be the ___44___ of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went ___45___.
All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the ___46___ not just of the cockpit(机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a ___47___ issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer ___48___ to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members
the language of disagreement.
The lesson isn’t simply that people lower down in the ___49___ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace ___50___ isn’t hardwired in our personality or cultural background; it’s a skill we can learn.
Learn from small failures and close calls
In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, it’s a point of ___51___ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can ___52___, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter, Callback.
Here, too, there is a ___53___ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might ___54___ in our system. Mistakes shouldn’t be ___55___. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.
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41. A. similar B. steady C. long-term D. downward
42. A. example B. exception C. symbol D. alternative
43. A. assessment B. management C. competition D. contribution
44. A. failure B. effort C. pressure D. convenience
45. A. predictable B. imaginary C. unchecked D. unforgiven
46. A. performance B. structure C. culture D. standard
47. A. team B. state C. side D. policy
48. A. immoral B. unrewarding C. disrespectful D. inconvenient
49. A. age B. position C. salary D. attractiveness
50. A. excitement B. discomfort C. respect D. disagreement
51. A. pride B. sacrifice C. entertainment D.
literacy
52. A. create B. afford C. analyze D. access
53. A. broader B. clearer C. more bitter D.
more costly
54. A. break out B. go wrong C. take shape D. slow down
55. A. obstacles B. failures C. experiments D.
secrets
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. C 49.
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B 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故。事实上，几十年来，事故数量总体呈下降趋势。在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法，文章主要介绍了其中两个航空领域的管理办法。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次起飞的事故数量总体呈下降趋势。A. similar相似的；B. steady稳定的；C. long-term长期的；D. downward向下的、下降的。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”可知，在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故，说明航空事故呈下降趋势。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。A. example例子；B. exception例外；C. symbol标志；D. alternative选择。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”以及“Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation seems to be an”可知，美国的航空自2013年以来没有人死于航空事故，说明虽然复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法。A. assessment评价；B. management管理；C. competition竞争；D. contribution贡献。结合后文提到的“All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM).”可知后文主要说明的是两个航空业的管理办法。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑。A. failure失败；B. effort努力；C. pressure压力；D. convenience方便。结合前后文语境“A common error during airplane accidents used to be the … of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions.”可知，飞机事故中一个常见的
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错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑，be the failure of sb.此处理解为某人未能做成某事。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被挑战，他的错误没有得到遏制。
A. predictable可预测的；
B. imaginary虚构的；
C. unchecked未经检查的；
D. unforgiven 不可饶恕的。结合上文“When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went”可知，以前的机长在飞机上拥有绝对权威，因此他的错误很难得到遏制，go unchecked此处表示“放任不管”。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目不仅彻底改变了驾驶舱文化，也改变了整个行业的文化。
A. performance表演；
B. structure结构；
C. culture文化；
D. standard标准。结合后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”提到了机组人员地位更加平等，可知该项目改变了驾驶舱的文化。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。A. team队伍；B. state州；C. side方面；D. policy政策。根据后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”可知该项目将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重，而是必需的。A. immoral不道德的；B. unrewarding无报酬的；C. disrespectful无礼的；D. inconvenient不方便的。结合后文“to question the decisions of a superior”以及常识，质疑上级的决定是不尊重的表现。故选C。
