过分伤痛Abstract. We have developed the first hardware and software (intellectual property) metering scheme that enables reliable low overhead proofs for the number of manufactured parts and copied programs. The key idea is to make each design slightly different d
also identified hardware metering as one the key requirements for intellectual property protection.We propose a new intellectual property (IP) usage metering approach which allows IP providers to control proper collection of their IP royalties. The key idea of the hardware metering scheme is to make a very small part of the design programmable at the configuration time and to consequently configure this part for each manufactured chip in a unique way. Different configurations correspond to implementations which are differently scheduled or have different register assignments. Of course, this principle can be applied to other synthesis steps, including ones during logic synthesis or physical design.
Once when each manufactured chip or released software has a unique ID, it is rela-tively straightforward to enforce proper royalty agreements. For example, in hardware metering, if a foundry produces n chips which IDs are not reported to the design house in addition to p chips which are reported and approved, the probability that a randomly selected chip from the field has a non-approved ID is equal to n/n+p. Therefore with rela-tively few tests one can expect a high probability of detecting unauthorized chips.
