机场“相遇”英语组专用2009高考常用词汇、词组辨析
① 直接的、有形的力量作用于某事物或事件并使之发生变化。 例：They try to affect the size of a crop by using fertilizer.
他们施肥料以使庄稼长大。
② 用于表示对某事物或事产生不好的影响。 例：Exposure to intense light affects one’s eyes adversely.
暴露在强光之下会损害眼睛。 ③ 指对另外一个人感情上的影响，感染，感动。 例：Music affects some people very strongly.
音乐对一些人有强烈的感染力。 He was much affected at the sad sight.
他深为这一悲伤的情景所感动。 2）influence通常指“不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”，往往是间接的，通过说服或以实际行动树立榜样而对他人产生影响。
例：He was influenced by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine.
他受到一位中学教师的影响而学了医。
（19）allowance n. /tuition n. allowance 的意思是“生活费，补贴”；tuition的意思是“学费”。 例：They gave her a small allowance but didn’t pretend to like her work.
他们给她一小笔生活费，但对她的工作却不甚满意。
At this school the tuition is free，but you have to pay for the books you need.
这所学校免收学费，但书费要你自己负担。
（20）amaze v. /amuse v.
这两个词词形相近，容易混。amaze的意思是“使惊愕，使惊讶”；amuse的意思是“使开心，使高兴”。这两个词用于被动式时，后而都接介词at (be amazed/amused at sth.)。
例：She was amazed at the man’s sympathy with life.
这个男人对生命的同情态度让她感到很惊讶。
A clown’s job is to amuse the spectators.
马戏团小丑的工作就是逗观众开心。 （21）announce v. /declare v. /claim v.
announce的意思是“通知，宣布（结果，决定等）”；declare的意思是“宣布（公告，法律等），声明”；
claim意为“声称，要求得到，认领”。
例：She announced that the singer would give one extra song. 她宣布歌手将再加唱一首歌。 The United States and China had declared their normalization of diplomatic relations.
中美双方宣布了双边外交关系的正常化。
They declared martial law in the mining communities.
他们宣布对矿区实行军事管制。 If anybody owns this camera, will he or she please come forward and claim it?
请这部相机的失主前来认领。 She claims to be as good a pianist as Themelis!
她声称自己的钢琴弹得与Themelis一样棒。
（22）annoyed a. /upset a.
annoyed的意思是“不快的，恼火的”（比angry的程度要低），从生气的角度讲不高兴；upset的意思是“不高兴，难过，不舒服”，从感到别扭的角度讲不高兴。
例：She was annoyed at your saying that.
你这么说让她很不自在。
I’ll be quite upset now, if you don’t come.
如果你不来，我会很不安的。 （23）apparatus n. /instrument n. /device n. /appliance n.
apparatus主要指“器械，装置，仪器，器官”；instrument主要指“仪器，工具，乐器”；device指“器具，装置，仪表，手段”；appliance指“器具，器械，家用电器等”。 例：The television men set up their apparatus, ready to film.
摄制组的人架好机器准备开拍。 All surgical instruments must be sterilized before use.
手术前，所有手术器械必须消毒。 The television receiver is an electronic device.
电视接收机是一种电子设备。 The kitchen is equipped with modern appliances.
厨房装备了现代化的炊事用具。 （24）appoint v. /assign v.
appoint的意思是“任命，指派，委任”，后多跟职位一类的名词；assign的相关意思是“分配，分派，指定”，后多跟具体的工作。 例：They appointed him Minister of Education.
他们任命他为教育部长。
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She was appointed to the Chairmanship of the Committee. 她被任命为委员会的主席。
The problem was assigned to a commission.
这项任务交给了一个特别委员会去处理。
I assign you to wash the dishes. 我分配你去洗盘子。
（25）approach n. /method n. 这两个词都可以表示方法。approach常指“针对某一问题的解决处理方法”，后跟介词to；method泛指“任何方法”，适用范围比approach要广，后常跟介词of。 例：There is no very easy approach to mathematics.
数学研究上没有什么捷径。
It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening.
很奇怪，他们怎么会选择这种方式来打发这个晚上。
（26）approve v. /permit v. /admit v.
approve指较正式地对某种事情表示认可、赞同或批准；permit指允许、不禁止某人干某事；admit指容纳，允许进入，承认。
例：The mayoress approved the new building plans.
女市长批准了新建筑计划。
She won’t permit dogs in the house. 她不准许家中有狗。
He was admitted to the commission. 他被该委员会接纳。 （27）arise v. /arouse v.
arise是不及物动词，意为“发生，产生，出现”；arouse是及物动词，意为“引起，激起，唤起”。
例：A democratic movement has arisen. 一场民主运动应运而生。 We aroused him from his deep sleep. 我们把他从睡梦中唤醒。 （28）assemble v. /resemble v. 这两个词词形与发音相近，assemble意为“集中，集合，装配”；resemble意为“相像”。
例：People began to assemble on the platform. 人们开始向月台聚集。
In that factory they can assemble a car in less than 15 minutes.
在那家工厂，工人们不到15分种就装配好一部汽车。
Smith resembles his father very much in all his ways.
史密斯各方面都象他的父亲。 （29）assure v. /ensure v. /insure v. /reassure v.
