素素猫In the 1990’s there was diversified demand on pipe makers in traditional steelmaking regions from projects offshore China and Brazil, from the Gulf of Mexico and the Middle East. Starting in 1999 Indian and Chinese pipe producers emerged mostly equipped with modern steelmaking and pipe making facilities. India became a major exporter of line pipe to North America, whereas Chinese demand was generated internally. Between 1999 and 2005 Chinese producers developed API Grade X-70 and utilized it for the First West East Pipeline Project [33] which extends 4500 km from the autonomous regions of Lunnan and Hao’er’guosi in the West to Shanghai in the East. After 2005 API X-80 was systematically developed and in a crowning achievement is being used for approximately half of the Second West East Pipeline Project (18.4 to 25.0 mm x 48” OD). A list of major large diameter pipe mills in China with details of their estimated production capacities and size ranges is presented in Table 13. A listing of Indian pipe mills is shown in Table 14.
Globalization of Procurement
In the early 1970’s pipe manufacturer were located close to traditional steelmaking factories in Germany, UK, USA, Canada and Japan and Italy. Later, pipe making became more Internationalized and increasingly non-integrated see Table 15 below and 16 for longitudinal seam and helical respectively. For example countries such as Turkey, Greece and India have built pipe manufacturing facilities based on imported coils or plate, meanwhile procurement
