阑珊图表写作
一 总述
1任务要求：考生在20分钟内完成150个单词的小文章。 2 内容：图表（line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table, diagram) 3 文体：summary
4考察能力：客观地描述图形信息； 进行比较和对比；
对非个人性的话题提供报告，不掺杂个人意见； 使用图形描述语言。
Note: 这里涉及到考试三原则——objectivity客观性原则（考生进行描述是不能有任何脸型式的个人观点），carefulness 周密性原则（有时作文题会安排一个隐藏着的特征信息，考察考生的观察能力和横向比较能力，考生若能发现并加以描述，可以得到一个印象分，如没发现，则正常阅卷），accuracy 精确性原则（考生须用准确生动的语言对数据进行描述）。
5 考生对图表题所存在的三个问题： ? 对于写作当中的套用句掌握不充分 ? 对于不同图表的破题思路存在问题 ? 连接方面存在困难
二 图表题总的认识 1 各种题型的侧重点 运动趋势 曲线图 柱状图 饼状图 静止趋势 表格 难点：把握曲线的走向和趋势 ——需要在第二段开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类； 在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend同时倒入数据作为分类的依据 难点：通过比较找出相同点，和对比找出不同点 ——即需要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。 比较好写，但要注意如何丰富百分比的表达和“占”的表达。 注：写作时不要一直用数字加百分比的格式，如25%，这样很难拿高分。特定的数字可以采用多样性的表达，如圆25%= a quarter of, 50%= half of,> 50%= a/ the majority of 考查列举数字的能力和方法，怎样通过一些有代表性的数据来说明问题。
2．图表作文结构
? 引言段：对图表主题作总介绍（关于什么主题的什么图/时间（1~2句） ? 正文段：
? 1）对图表进行总的概述或解说用（1～2 句）
? 2）对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（2~3段） ? 结尾段：对所描述的图表信息进行总结（1~2句）
?
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三、图表题写作 1．审题：
? ? ? ? ? ?
－先看文字信息－把握主题 －再看图标信息－把握具体信息 Eg.p28
横坐标：时间1950－1996（时态？） 纵坐标：数据（单位？）
图表标题：world grain harvested area,1950-1996
2.Introduction 写作
通过改写题目（同义词转换，句式结构改変，增减细节）完成引言段写作 ? Eg.请改写P28的题目
? 比较原题与改写后的introduction 有什么不同之处：
? The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested.
? This line graph above illustrates the total world grain harvested areas in millions of
hectares between 1950 and 1996. ? 同义词转换：show- illustrate，reveal，depict, demonstrate, compare, give some
information about…,
? 句式转换：the total grain harvested areas
? 增加细节：in millions of hectares , between 1950 and 1996
注意：为避免plagiarism,一定要对题目进行改头换面。Eg.
1) The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories. 更换词语
The two pie charts give the proportion of men and women employed in 6 broad areas. 2） The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories. 更换句式结构
? The two pie charts show, in 6 broad categories, the proportion of males and females in
employment.
图表作文开头段落常见语言结构： Type of chart verb 主题描述 The graph pie chart bar chart table illustration shows illustrates presents depicts reveals compare the number of… the proportion of… the information on … some data regarding /on …
练习：
1．请为P30的线状图写引言段。
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参考：The graph shows the number of West Indians and Indians and Pakistanis immigrating to the UK from 1940 to 1970.
2．请为以下的复合图写引言段。
People arrested over the past 5 years malesfemales
arrested arrestedunarrestedunarrested
reasons of arrest in 2007
dringking
thief
fight
assault
no reasons
0 0@P%
参考答案：
? The pie charts and the bar chart respectively present the proportion of males and females
arrested over the past five years and some significant reasons why they were arrested in 2007. 或
? The pie charts compare the proportion of males and females arrested over the past five
years and the bar chart illustrates some significant reasons in2007.
3.主体段落写作
1）对图表的特点或趋势进行总的概述或解说（1～2 句） 2）对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（2~3段）
1）对图表的特点或趋势进行总的概述或解说－general statement即概述图表写作的最大特点或总趋势
Eg.P28线状图的总趋势
In general, the total harvest area increased until 1980, at which point there was a reduction in the area harvested due to retrenchment.
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P30 两条线的总趋势/总特点
As can be seen, immigration of both West Indians and Indians and Pakistanis increased rapidly over a twenty-year period. After 1960, the number of West Indian immigrants decreased sharply whereas the number of Indian and Pakistani immigrants continued to increase. 练习
请为以下复合图写作总概述
People arrested over the past 5 years malesfemales
arrested arrestedunarrestedunarrested
reasons of arrest in 2007
dringking
thief
fight
assault
no reasons
0 0@P% 参考
According to the graph, more males than females were arrested and thief became the most common reason of arrest in 2007.
引出总概述的语言
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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As can be seen, the most striking feature is …
As is shown/depicted in the table, the most obvious feature is … From the graph, we can see clearly that… From the chart, it is apparent that… According to the graph, Generally speaking, It is noted that… Overall,…
2）对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（2~3段） 2．1 趋势图（线状图）：
解题思路：按时间发展顺序写作；
语言点：四个方向的语言点－运动范畴，程度范畴，时间范畴，数据范畴与连接范畴．
运动范畴中存在着如下的８种运动趋向：
１.保持平稳：我们可以使用的套用结构有: stay stable/remain steady.
举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable。/the number of population remained steady.
2.上升/增加：我们可以使用的套用结构有：rise/ climb/ increase/ ascend/mount/aggrandize(增加)
举例：人口上升：the number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。 3．下降/减少：我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/ decline 举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/ declined. 4．.波动：这个就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate. 举例：人口波动：number of population fluctuated. 5．达到顶峰：peak/ reach its summit/reach its zenith
举例：人口到达了顶峰：number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.
程度范畴：、
缓慢的/轻微的：gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly/moderately/slowly 陡然的/大幅度的：dramatically/ sharply/ considerably/ appreciably/ greatly/ steeply/ significantly/ markedly/rapidly/quickly/ suddenly/
举例:1.人口大幅度攀升:number of population mounted dramatically.
2.人口轻微下降:number of population decreased slightly. 3.人口逐渐下降:number of population decreased gradually. 数据范畴：
1） 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 举例:
1. 人口下降到200万: number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200万: number of population decreased by 2 million. 3. 人口上升到1000万: number of population increased to 10 million. 4. 人口上升了500万: number of population increased by 5 million.
2）. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at.
举例: 1.人口在500万上保持平稳:number of population remained steady at 5 million. 1. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰:number of population peaked at 8 million.
2. 下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:after decreasing, number of population bottomed out at 4 million.
3. 上升后,人口在700万保持平稳: after mounting, number of population leveled off at 7 million.
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