落花满天飞e.g. Sanlu Company’s fraud ultimately led to its bankruptcy.
27. Lead … to do
v. 导致某 人做某事， 可以替换cause … to do
a. Rancho’s challenge eventually leads the director to correct his mistakes.
b. Ford’s innovation led his company to become one of the most profitable
companies.
28. Induce
v. 引起，导致，可以替换cause, 使 用时induce 后直接接名词
e.g. Too much pressure may induce psychological disorders.
29. Ameliorate/Better
v. 改善，可以替换improve
e.g. Technological advancements have tremendously ameliorated/ bettered our
life.
30. Exacerbate/Aggravate
v. 使…加剧，使…恶化， 可以替换worsen
e.g. The problem will undoubtedly exacerbate/aggravate global warming and
threaten human life.
31. Undermine
v. 破坏， 可以替换 damage /weaken
a. The continued fighting threatens to undermine efforts to negotiate an
agreement.
b. Cars actually are undermining humans’ physical strength.
32. Impede / Hinder
v. 妨碍，阻碍， 相当于stop, prevent
a. Environmental contamination will one day enormously impede/hinder
economic growth.
b. People who refuse to accept criticisms will immensely impede/ hinder the
progress of group work.
33. Outcome
n. 结果， 可以替换result ／consequence （consequence通常指不好的结果）
e.g. It’s too early to know the outcome of the election.
34. Desirable/Beneficial/Positive outcome/result
