几番浓情高考试题,对“短文改错”题中的常见错误加以分析,从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍一些解题技巧?
一? “短文改错”题中的常见错误:
(一) 时态?语态方面的错误
这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态?主动语态与被动语态的误用?做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态?语态的呼应规律?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.
2. (2006天津) Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.
3. (2006四川) We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We?re having dinner ...”
4. (2006湖北) ... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.
5. (2006陕西) I?ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.
6. (2006安徽) ... but you are not permit to take them out.
Key: 1. have→had2. admitting→admitted3. 去掉was
4. need→needed5. arrived→arrive6. permit→permitted
(二) 主谓一致方面的错误
这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误?因此做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致?例如:
1. (2006四川) “I just want to know what the sign say.”
2. (2006安徽) Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.
3. (2006山西) Here are the information about Manchester University.
4. (2006山东) What may surprise you are that I?m going to ...
Key: 1. say→says2. wish→wishes3. are→is4. are→is
(三) 名词方面的错误
名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“?s”的误置等?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
2. (2006四川) In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.
3. (2006山东) ... you?ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.
4. (2006辽宁) ... but she marked strictly on student?s actual performance ...
5. (2006福建) If you have interests in it, reply to me soon.
Key: 1. ideas→idea2. skies→sky3. ways→way
4. student?s→students?5. interests→interest
(四) 冠词方面的错误
这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用, a与an的误用?有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784.
2. (2006辽宁) ... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...
3. (2006广东) And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.
4. (2006福建) ... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.
5. (2006重庆) With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green.
Key: 1. the balloon→a balloon2. same前面加the
3. 去掉prison前面的the4. 去掉fun前面的a
5. 在coming前面加the
(五) 非谓语动词方面的错误
这类错误多指v-ing与动词不定式之间的误用,现在分词与过去分词之间的误用?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...
2. (2006天津) I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. (2006福建) How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.
4. (2006陕西) I?ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.
Key: 1. keeps→keeping2. becoming→become3. join→joining
4. meet→to meet
(六) 连词方面的错误
这类错误多指and, so, or, but之间的误用; while与when, however与therefore之间的误用?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.
2. (2006天津) I became very active but made new friends.
3. (2006重庆) My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.
4. (2006重庆) While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.
5. (2006陕西) Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.
6. (2006辽宁) He and she should make the class very active by joking with the students.
Key: 1. So→But2. but→and3. so→and4. While→When
5. or→and6. and→or
(七) 形容词?副词方面的错误
这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词,误用副词修饰名词,误用形容词修饰动词,误用形容词或副词的原级?比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) They came back lately and had some tea.
2. (2006天津) ... you always gave me specially attention ...
3. (2006重庆) ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.
4. (2006江西) Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...
5. (2006陕西) I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
6. (2006辽宁) Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.
7. (2006浙江) I hope that you think about my request and visit us as soon as possibly.
8. (2006山东) We could chat about the good older days.
Key: 1. lately→late2. specially→special
3. immediate→immediately4. clearly→clear
5. particular→particularly6. more→most
7. possibly→possible8. older→old
(八) 介词方面的错误
这类错误多指漏掉介词?多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等?例如:
1. (NMET 2006) The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ...
2. (NMET 2006) He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
3. (2006重庆) After autumn arrives, the city looks as an old man with leaves ...
4. (2006广东) ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...
5. (2006四川) On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.
6. (2006浙江) Could you share your experience for us?
7. (2006安徽) You are limited in a certain number of books.
8. (2006湖北) My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.
Key: 1. 去掉for2. the前面加in3. as→like4. pay后面加for5. On→At6. for→with7. in→to8. care后面加of
(九) 代词方面的错误
