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Unit 11
Section One Tactics for listening
Part 1 spot dictation
Give your child the happiness trait
Happiness is both a \mood that comes and goes. I can (2) induce it in my two-year-old daughter simply by making a (3) silly face.
The trait of happiness is more (4) stable. I see it in my daughter when she gets out of bed with a smile, eager to (5) take on the day. Even when life isn't so pleasant, she can sustain her (6) optimism and hopefulness.
A recipe for a happy disposition through life is harder to (7) come by, but researchers have identified key (8) ingredients. By focusing on these, parents are more likely to raise children with the (9) trait of happiness built into their (10) character.
1) Give your child choices.
2) Resist the urge to (11) spoil. Common sense suggests that people with (12) adequate incomes are happier than those (13) without. The key word is \(14) provide for basic needs and feeling content with what you have.
3) (15) Encourage broad interests.
4) Teach resilience*. Everyone has ways to (16) cope with bad days. A child should be taught to find solace in things that will (17) restore his sense of well-being.
5) (18) Promote a happy home. One of the best ways to help a child find (19) enduring happiness is for the parents to (20) look for it in their own lives.
Part 2 Listening for Gist
Old and young, single and married, rich and poor - anyone can be lonely, irrespective of the number of friends, family and social contacts they actually have. Women, the elderly, the young, the single parent, the widowed and the unemployed are most at risk.
Young mothers at home with children under five are particularly vulnerable to loneliness and depression because of the transition from working wife to housebound mother. Elderly people, particularly those who move to a new area on retirement, may be isolated from their families and friends. Illness, disability and fear of going out alone also combine to turn many pensioners into prisoners in their own homes. Teenagers' natural shyness and self-consciousness may make them awkward in the company of their peers and the opposite sex. Single
parents feel cut off from a couple-orientated society. Divorce can be shattering to the self-esteem. With so many social contacts being made through work, unemployment can also lead to loneliness.
Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.
1) This passage is about various reasons for loneliness and depression. 2) The key words are young mothers, transition, working wife, housebound mother: elderly people. isolated. illness. disability. fear of going out alone: teenagers. natural shyness. self-consciousness: single parents. cut off. a couple-orientated society. divorce. self-esteem: social contacts. work. unemployment.
Section Two Listening Comprehension Part 1 Dialogue
Deputy Editor
Ray Jones: You know, a lot of people who read newspapers have no idea how they're put together.
I'm often asked to talk to groups of people about my work, and it's incredible how many of them think either that reporters write the headlines and take their own pictures or, conversely, that the Editor
writes and prints everything in the paper. They fail to realize that producing a newspaper is really very much a team effort.
Mary Keen: Ray, you're Deputy Editor of the Evening Post. What exactly does that entail?
Ray Jones: Well, the work of a Deputy Editor varies from paper to paper depending on the Editor.
No two Editors work the same way. Some delegate all the administration to a deputy. Others take on all the admin themselves and concentrate on the management side of running the newspaper rather than on the editorial side. Our Editor here is the sort who likes getting involved in the editorial side of the paper, so he'll often come, sit down with the reporters and work on a story with them. But then once or twice a week he'll leave that and get on with the admin ...
Mary Keen: So what are your responsibilities as Deputy?
Ray Jones: I supervise the reporters, sports writers and sub-editors and try
to see that everyone knows what everyone else is doing so that it all runs smoothly. And, of course, I also stand in* for the Editor when he's at meetings, conferences, or whatever.
Mary Keen: And what is Ray Jones' typical working day?
Ray Jones: Well, it starts at about 7: 15, and the first thing I have to do is to find out what's going on in the newsroom, what are the best stories of the day, who's going to cover them, and so on. Quite
often it's not immediately obvious what's going to be the front page lead*, and that's a major headache at the start of the day. Once that's been sorted out and I've checked that there's nothing distasteful or unethical going into the paper, then I come back to my office to get on with my Deputy Editor tasks.
Mary Keen: Which are?
Ray Jones: Taking care of readers' letters, for instance, and editing our Mailbag column. That can be great fun - we have a splendidly eccentric bunch of regular readers, and, given the right subject, they often produce an extremely entertaining and well-written set of letters. Of course, dealing with the correspondence has its tedious side as well - I have to read every letter we get, and some of them, as you can imagine, are a bit of a pain.
Mary Keen: What else do you have to do?
Ray Jones: I also write the Leader column each day. That means I have to
compose 300 words on some matter of public concern expressing the newspaper's opinion. And sometimes this, too, can be a real problem. More than once I've found myself half an hour before the deadline with no idea what my opinion was going to be on what subject.
Mary Keen: How did you get into journalism, Ray?
Ray Jones: As an errand boy, actually, at the age of 15. I left school with
