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中考英语语法复习第一讲
（本讲所述内容前提是一般情况下， 有些词在特殊情况下会有不同的解释） 一、什么是名词？
名词是词类的一种，表示人物或事物或地点或者抽象的名称。 二、名词在句子中有什么功能？
名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。 三、名词的分类
普通名词：
抽象名词（状态、品质、感情等抽象事物）：beauty fear joy fun courage
物质名词(材料、属性、固体、液体、气体物质等)：wood meat wine paper ice air water 集合名词：family people(人们) crowd group team 个体名词：dog table man book 专有名词：
人名：Tom Mr. Smith
地名：China England USA Asia 机构：United Nations 四、名词的数
1、 可数名词（大部分集合名词、个体名词） 可数名词表示复数概念事可以有复数形式，可以用冠词 a an the 和其他词如some any many 等词
修饰
2、 不可数名词（抽象名词、物质名词、人名、地名、机构）
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能用a an the many 等修饰，但是可以用 some any much 等可以修饰不可数名词的一些词修饰。做主语时常用单数。
不可数名词可以加介词短语表示数的概念： 如 a glass of water, a piece of paper.
3、 可数名词数的变化
1、 一般情况下在词尾加s /s/ /z/如： dogs books
2、 以s x ch sh 结尾的名词加上 es / iz/ 如：boxes, buses, watches, dishes. 3、 以辅音字母+y 结尾把y 改为i 再加es / z/ 如story stories baby babies 4、 以o 结尾的词有生命的加 es , 无生命的加 s /z/:
例如：有生命： tomato- tomatoes potato- potatoes 无生命：photo-photos piano-pianos
5、以f 或者fe 结尾通常把f 或 fe 改为 ves /vz/ 如; knife- knives life- lives leaf- leaves 6、 单复数形式不变：sheep-sheep deer- deer cattle- cattle Chinese Japanese 7、一些不规则变化：
Man-men woman – women Englishman-Englishmen German Germans Tooth-teeth foot-feet child- children mouse- mice
8、集体名如果强调是个体则谓语动词用复数，如果强调整体谓语动词用作复数： 如 Family- fmilies class- classes
8、集体名词以形式以单数出现，实际为复数概念,谓语动词用复数。如：people police Cattle
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五、名词所有格：（用来表示名词之间的所属关系）
一、名词所有格的形式：
1、’s 或者’ 一般用于有生命的名词后 ：Tom’s book my sisiters’ bags children’s day 2、of 一般用于无生命的名词后 ： the name of the book the map of china 3、双重所有格： a fried of my father’s a book of your brothers’
Tips1：一些表示时间、距离、国家名称的无生命名词也可以用’s 构成所有格 如：a month’ s time today’s news paper the city’s park
Tips2: 表示两个人各自拥有的东西或者共同拥有的东西所加的名词所有格不同，试比较： Tom’s and mike’s room (每个人有自己的一间房间) Tom and mike’s room （两个人共同拥有一间房间）
Tips3: 如果’s 后的名词是商店、住宅等地点时，后面的名词常常省略。 At the doctor’s (在诊所)
To my uncle’s （到我叔叔家）
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名词专项练习
一。单向选择题
( ) 1. Have you got __________? I want to write a letter.
A. any paper B. papers C. any papers D. a paper ( ) 2. Have you seen such big ________?
A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos
( ) 3. They got much __________ from those books.
A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories
( ) 4. There are a lot of _________ down there but hardly any __________.
A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples
( ) 5. –What can I do for you?
-- I’d like two ____________.
A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges
( ) 6. Several ___________ are talking under the tree. And their __________ are swimming in the lake.
A. woman, children B. woman, child C. women, children D. women, child
( ) 7. Uncle Wang bought two ____________ yesterday.
A. watchs B. watches C. watch D. watched
( ) 8. Tom has made __________ with Jim.
A. a friend B. friends C. friend D. some friends
( ) 9. What can I do for you? I’d like two __________.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
( ) 10. Let me give you ____________.
A. an advice B. some advice C. advices D. the advice
( ) 11. He has spent a great _________ of money on his new house.
A. deal B. many C. number D. piece
( ) 12. I only realized age when I found I had __________.
A. much great hair B. a little great hair C. a few grey hairs D. some grey hair
( ) 13. That farmer has many _________ on his farm.
A. geees B. goosen C. gooses D. geese
( ) 14. When we saw his face, we knew ________ was sad.
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A. some news B. the news C. a news D. news
( ) 15. The dentist didn’t tell me how many _________ I should pay for pulling out the tooth.
A. money B. dollars C. funds D. moneies
( ) 16. Before we moved in the new house we bought many ___________.
A. furnitures B. furniture C. pieces of furniture D. equipments
( ) 17. His friend lost _________ nylon stockings yesterday morning.
A. two B. a C. a couple of D. a pair of
( ) 18. My family raise a lot of _________, including two ___________.
A. cattles, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattle, cows D. cow, cattles
( ) 19. All the ________ are made of ___________, not plastics.
A. glass, glass B. glasses, glass C. glass, glasses D. glasses, glasses
( ) 20. A group of __________ are eating ________ and_________ at the foot of the hill. A. sheep, grass, leaves B. sheeps, grasses, leaves C. sheep, grass, leaf D. sheeps, grass, leaf
( ) 21. About 60 ________ of the population in our country ________ on farms.
A. percent, lives B. percents, lives C. percent, live D. percents, live
( ) 22. The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were
D. were, was
( ) 23. My father’s ________ is grey, but my mother has a few grey _________.
A. hair, hair B. hairs, hairs C. hairs, hair D. hair, hairs
( ) 24. ----How many ____________ does a cow have? ----- Four.
A. stomaches B. stomach C. stomachs D. stomachies
( ) 25. Father went to his doctor for ____________ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advice
( ) 26. The _________ of buildings are covered with lots of _____________.
A. roofs, leaves B. rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D. roofs, leafs
( ) 27. As is known to us all, _________ travels much faster than__________.
A. lights, sounds B. light, sound C. sound, light D. sounds, lights
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