loadingConstruction Cost Control
工程成本控制
Construction Cost Control includes:工程成本控制包括:
1. 1. Influencing the factors that create changes to the cost baseline .影响的因素，建立成本基准变更。
2. Ensuring requested changes are agree upon .确保要求的变化是一致。
3. Managing the actual changes when and as they occur .管理实际发生的变更。
4. Assuring that petential cost overruns do not exceed that authorized funding periodically and in total for the project .确保潜在成本超支不超过授权拨款定期和总的项目。
5. Monitoring cost performance to detect and understand variances from the cost baseline .监控成本性能检测和理解差异的成本基准。
6. Recording all appropriate changes accurately against the cost baseline.记录相应的变化，准确地对成本基准。
7. Preventing incorrect , inappropriate , or unauthorized changes from being included in the reported cost or resource usage .防止不正确的，不适当的，或未经授权的更改被列入报告的成本和资源的使用
8. Informing appropriate stakeholders of authorized changes .通知适当的利害关系者的授权的变化。
9. Acting to bring expected costs overruns within acceptable limits .代理带来预期成本超出可接受的限度内。
2. Peoject cost control searches out the causes of positive and negative variances and is part of integrated change control . 工程成本控制搜索出的原因，积极和消极的差异和部分整体变更控制for example , inappropriate responses to cost variances can cause quality or schedule problems or produce an unacceptable level of risk later in the project .例如，不适当的反应，成本差异会造成质量或进度的问题，或产生不可接受的风险水平后的项目。
3. Few businesses can survive without the knowledge of costs and without an intelligent control of costs . 新的企业能够生存在没有的成本没有的知识和智能控制成本certainly this is true in the construction industry . a contractor maybe an excellent builder , but unless he knows his construction costs , he will never survive the vigorous competition in the industry .这当然是真的在建筑行业。承包商也许一个优秀的建设者，但除非他知道自己的建设费用，他将永远活在
行业的激烈竞争 if a manufacturer finds that he has lost money on certain items , he may be able to raise the prices enough to assure a profit .一个制造商发现他已经失去了金钱的某些项目上，他可能会提高价格，以保证足够的利润 however , a contractor who discover after a project is finished that he has lost money may not have an oppotunity to raise the price on the next project , especially if his losses are so great that he cannot finance another project . 然而，承包商谁发现后，项目完成后，他失去了钱不可能有机会提高价格在接下来的项目，尤其是他的损失是如此之大，他无法融资的另一个项目。he may lose money because of one or more reasons , such as low bidding , insufficient knowledge of job conditions , increase in the costs of materials and labor , adverse weather condition , etc.他可能失去的钱，因为一个或多个原因，如低投标，知识不足，工作条件，增加的材料成本和劳动力，恶劣的天气状况，等等。
4. during execution of a project , procedures for project control and record kepping become indispensable tools to mangers and other participants in the construction process . 在执行一个项目，项目控制和记录程序的时候成为不可缺少的工具，管理人员和其他参与者在施工过程。the tools serve the dual purpose of recording the financial transactions that occur as well as giving managers an indication of the progress and problems associated with a project .工具服务的双重目的记录金融交易以及给经理指示的进展和相关问题的一个项目。
5. For cost control on a project,the construction plan and associated cash flow estimates can provide the baseline reference for subsequent project moitoring and control.For schedules, progress on individual activities and achievement of milestone completions can be compared with the project schedule to monitor the progress of activities. 成本控制的一个项目，建设规划及相关现金流量估计可以提供基准参考随后的项目监测和控制。计划，发展个人的活动和成就里程碑落成可与项目进度监测活动进展。Contract and job specifications provide the criteria by which to assess and assure the required quality of construction . the final or detailed cost estimate provides a baseline for the assessment of financial performance during the project . 合同和工作规范为标准，评估和保证施工质量的要求。最后或详细的成本估算提供了一个基准的财务业绩评估在项目。to the
6. For control and monitoring purpose , the original detailed cost establish is typically converted to a project budget is used subsequently as a guide for management . 为控制和监测的目的，原来建立详细的成本通常是转换为项目预算用于随后作为指导管理 specific items in the detailed cost establish become job cost accounts to be compared with the original cost establish in each category . Alternatively , job cost accounts ,ay be disaggregated or derived into work elements which are relate both to particular schedules activities and to particular cost accounts .具体项目的详细的成本建立成为工作成本是比较原始的成本建立在每个类别。另外，作业成本的账户，可以分解或工作的元素，都与特定的计划活动和特定成本账户。