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Dakota in the north.，几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的达科他。
Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street--or even in the next town.
龙卷风可以卷起汽车、火车甚至是房子并把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。
They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. 它们可以将猫背上的皮毛和鸡身上的羽毛拔下来，
They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. 它们可以摧毁房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
美国平均每年会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。 The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states: Missouri,Illinois and Indiana.
最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。
By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2700多人受伤。 What Is a Hurricane?飓风是什么？
Hurricanes are strong tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
飓风是强烈的热带风暴，它们通常发生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。 There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods.
猛烈的飓风以120千米每小时甚至更快的速度移动，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。
There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.
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平均每年会发生6次大西洋飓风，通常会影响美国东部海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州。
The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas.
最严重的飓风灾害是1900年9月8日发生在得克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿， Winds of 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. 飓风以200千米每小时的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市袭来，
The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.
那次灾害夺去了37000人口中的6000条人命，摧毁了3600栋建筑物。 An Extraordinary Event非比寻常的事件
This is a story about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.这是一个关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. 查尔斯·科格伦是19世纪一位居住在加拿大的爱尔兰演员，
He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. 那时，他搬到纽约并在那里出了名，19世纪90年代后期，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风来袭的前一年去世。
The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁了，科格伦的棺材最后被卷入了大海。 Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.
八年之后，科格伦的棺材在加拿大东部的爱德华王子岛省被一位渔夫在离他家不远的海里发现了。
The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.
墨西哥湾流载着它漂了3000千米沿着美国东海岸漂到了爱德华王子岛省。
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Coghlan travelled back to Canada--after he had been buried in Texas! 被葬在得克萨斯州后，科格伦又漂回了加拿大。 4.必修三MODULE 4 Sandstorms in Asia亚洲沙尘暴
Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries. 几个世纪以来，沙尘暴已经成为很多亚洲国家的严重灾害。
Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it.
科学家已经想了很多办法来解决这个问题，在中国，已经开展了一场帮助解决沙尘暴问题的大型战争。
Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. 沙尘暴是带有沙石和尘土的强大而干燥的风。沙尘暴通常很浓密以至于人们都看不见太阳，有时候，风的强度大到可以掀动沙丘。
The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Central Africa and Australia. Ren Jianbo, from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as a child in the desert.
世界上四个主要的有沙尘暴的地方是：亚洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历过的一次严重的沙尘暴， “To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,” he said. “There was nothing to be done.
“被困在沙尘暴中是一种很可怕的经历，”他说，“什么也干不了,
It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.” 那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况，你只能希望自己能够幸存，我原以为我会消失在沙石底下。”
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas.
中国西北是亚洲中央沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴开始于沙漠地带， Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”.
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近年来因为“沙漠化”，中国发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。
This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
这是发生在由于气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、开垦草地等使得陆地变成沙漠时的过程。
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing. Citizens wake up to an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust.
有时候沙尘暴会影响北京，市民醒来时，发现昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。
The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
暴风有时持续一整天，因为浓密的尘土降低了能见度，所以车辆等开得很慢。 The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. 中国中央气象台在沙尘暴到达北京前的几个星期就能预见到，但是风暴的威力有时是惊人的。
When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says,
当沙尘暴到达一个城市时，专家会建议人们不要出门。居住在北京的黄小梅说； “To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask.”
“在沙尘暴中骑车是很可怕的，风力非常强，很难呼吸，而且尘土会让我得病，所以如果你想出门，最好带上面罩。”
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
沙漠位于北京西边距离北京仅仅250千米，为了防止沙漠进一步向北京延伸，政府正在植树。
Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue
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planting for the next five years.
目前政府已经种了超过三十亿棵树，而且计划在接下来的五年中继续植树。 5.必修三MODULE 5 Philosophers of Ancient China中国古代的哲学家 Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius(551BC-479BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。孔子（公元前551--公元前479）是影响最大的哲学家。
He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受孔子学说的影响已长达两千多年。
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC.
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年， His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother, He became a student of Confucius's ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state.
自小就丧父，他母亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，并在一个国家政府谋得很重要的职位。
However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler.
但是当他发现统治者并不听从他的建议时，他辞职了。好几年的时间，他周游列国，宣扬儒家学说。然后他又成为了另一个统治者的顾问。
He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. 他晚年一直在准备记载他自己学说的书《孟子》。
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
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孟子认为人区别于动物的本质就是人是性善的。
He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
他主张“仁政”、“王道”，提倡“民为重，君为轻”，反对暴政。
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.
墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。墨子于公元前476年出生于一个贫苦家庭。 He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.
他因为不同寻常的服装和行为举止而出名。墨子创立了墨家学派， In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
他的理论在某些方面和孔子的理论相似。例如，他认为统治非常重要，因此他花了好多年努力寻找一个人们愿意听从他的理论的国家。
Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.
墨子认为人人都是平等的，他主张的“兼爱”与孔子的“仁爱”不同。 Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
墨子认为我们必须爱护所有的人，照顾比我们弱小的人。墨子反对统治者发动的侵略战争。墨子逝世于公元前390年。
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