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Unit13 We are trying to save the earth!（二）
学习 目标 1.掌握Section A中出现的词汇，短语和句型
2.通过对鱼翅汤的了解和保护濒危动物--鲨鱼，保护地球保护环境
学习 重点 1.词汇: shark, fin, cruel, harmful, chain, ecosystem, industry, law, scientific, afford, reusable, transportation, recycle, napkin .
2. 短语:be harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action.
3. 句型: This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them?
学习 难点 1. 掌握本课时中的重点词汇、短语和句型
2. 能正确运用现在进行时，现在完成时，被动语态，情态动词和used to 句型
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知识梳理 words 词汇和语言要点
I.words and expressions
shark, fin, cruel, harmful, chain, ecosystem, industry, law, scientific, afford, reusable, transportation, recycle, napkin . phrases be harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action. II.Language points
1. When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the shark back into the ocean. cut off 切掉
e.g. Take care not to cut off the buds. 当心不要把幼芽儿切掉。 【拓展】“动词+ off”构成的短语有：
take off 脱掉；起飞 turn off 关上 put off 推迟 run off 跑掉
2. A shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鲨鱼不能再游泳然后慢慢死掉。 no longer意思是“不再”
e.g.I’m no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。
有两个短语和no longer同义，即not…any longer和not…any more，但侧重的方面不同。 no longer和not…any longer侧重时间。
e.g.He no longer lives here.= He doesn’t live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。(一段时间以前他住在这儿，过了这段时间，他就离开了。) not…any more侧重侧重程度和数量
e.g.You can drink no more. = You can’t drink any more.
你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度，不能再继续下去了。) 3. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
get off 下车 set off 出发 show off 炫耀 keep off 远离；不接触 - 2 -
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
not only…but also… 用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”; 其中的also有时可以省略。
(1) She not only plays well, but also writes music.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 (2) Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。 若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。 e.g.Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。 not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构。
e.g.Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。 be harmful to 对… 有害
e.g.Smoking is harmful to the health. 吸烟有损健康。
Playing computer games much is harmful to students. 电脑游戏玩太多对学生有害。 3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the top of 在...最高地位; 用最高[最大]的(速度, 声音等) e.g.I looked at the top of his head, his hair shiny and parted smoothly. 我看他的头顶, 头发光亮, 分得平滑。
He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard. 他尽力大声叫喊, 以便别人能听见。
4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. 如果它们的数目降至过低，会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量，当number表示“数量”时，是可数名词。而且当number表示数值的高或低时，要用high或low修饰，常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。 e.g.In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and village. 在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
The number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently. 近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。 【拓展】a number of和the number of的区别
a number of是大量的，等于a lot of等一类的词，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
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the number of是......的数量，后面接名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 e.g.A number of apples are red. 许多苹果是红色的。 The number of students is 2000. 学生的数量是2000人。
5. Environment protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。 (1) 句中fin本为名词，指 “鱼鳍”。此句中的finning由动词化的fin（割鲨鱼鳍以获取鱼翅）的-ing形式转化而成，指课文中所陈述的 “猎翅”这一行为。 (2) WildAid和WWF组织
WildAid（美国野生救援协会）是保护野生动物及栖息地环境的一个非盈利性的机构，1999年注册成立，其宗旨是保护及救助世界范围内的野生动物；WWF（世界自然基金会）英文全称为World Wide Fund for Nature，成立于1961年，是享有国际盛誉，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一。 6.So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them?
so far表示“到目前为止，迄今为止”，是现在完成时have\\has done的标志。除so far之外，现在完成时的标志词还有：for, since, already, yet, recently和in the last\\past few years\\months\\days,over the years\\month\\days等.
e.g. So far we haven’t found out an effective way to cure Aids. 迄今为止，我们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效办法。
典例分析 题型一：单项选择
【例1】(2015年山东中考）We have to _______ the bike ride because of the bad weather. A. put off B. turn off C. take off D. get off 【答案】A
【例2】(2014年山东中考) --What _______ the number of the students in your school？ --About two thousand. A number of them _______ from the countryside. A is; areB is; is C are; is D are; are 【答案】A
【例3】(2014年广东中考)--What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?
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