loadingPart 1. Warming up重点单词
1. And what qualities does a great person have? quality 观察思考
Much of the land was of poor quality. 这块地大部分土质贫瘠。 She had many good qualities although she is a little rude. 她虽然有点粗鲁，但还有许多优秀品质。 2. mean
(1) adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
She is too mean to make a donation. 她太小气不肯捐款。 (2) v. 意指某事，意思是；意欲，打算
That means wasting a lot of labor.那意味着浪费许多劳动力。
Really? I don’t mean to waste any labor. 是吗？我没打算浪费任何劳动力。 .
常见搭配：mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be mean to sb. 对某事刻薄
What do you mean by...? 你说/做...是什么意思？
be meant to do 要做，必须做 eg.You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。 be mean with/about 对...吝啬/小气 eg.He is very mean with his money. 3. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. devote（与to连用）献身；专心于 (1)devote oneself to献身；致力；专心 devote...to...把……用于…… He devoted himself to his career.
Please devote more time to your work. 请你把更多的时间用于工作。
(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的a devoted fan/ friend/supporter 忠实的粉丝/朋友/支持者 devotion n.关爱，关照；奉献；忠诚 be devoted to深爱；致力于 即学即用
1._______ to his research work, the professor cared little about any other things. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. Having devoted D. To devote 2.He devoted himself ______ the poor.
A. helping B. helped C. to help D. to helping
3.He made up his mind to devote his life to pollution from again. A.preventing;happening B.prevent;happen C.preventing;happens D.preventing;will happen
注意： devote...to...中的to为介词，后面跟动词的-ing形式，类似的短语还有： object to 反对 stick to 坚持 lead to 引领，导致 look forward to 盼望 get/be used to 习惯于 get down to 开始认真做 pay attention to 注意 get/be accustomed to 习惯于
Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending
1. He fought for black people and was in prison for almost thirty years. fight 相关短语：
fight +n. 与....作战 / 打架 = fight against sth fight for 为了...而战 fight against 与...作战 / 斗争
fight with 与...作战 / 并肩作战
fight back 还击
fight sb/sth off 抵抗或击退
fight about/over sth 因…而争吵
eg.(1) fight a cold 抗感冒
(2) fight off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻 (3) fight for independence/ equal rights为了独立/平等权利而战 (4) fight against poverty/ injustice 与贫穷/不公正作斗争
(5) If the enemy comes, we’ll fight back. 如果敌人来，我们将还击。 (6) Two dogs are fighting over a bone. 两只狗在为一块骨头撕咬。
(7) We will have to fight against difficulties. 我们将不得不与困难作斗争。
fight with用于“与...作战”时，与 fight against 大致同义，但用后者语气更强。除此用法外，fight with 还有一些其它的用法，此时不能与 fight against 替换。如：
The children fought with snow-balls. 孩子们打雪战。
England fought with France against Germany in World War I. 英国在第一次世界大战与法国一起对德作战。
比较：England fought with [against] France. 英国与法国作战。
prison相关短语
把...投进监狱 put...in prison send...to prison throw/cast...into prison
go to prison 入狱 be in prison 在狱中，被监禁 be taken to prison 被关入监狱 break(out of)prison越狱
以上短语都表示行为，所以prison前均不加冠词，若表示地点，则其前应加冠词。 如：
The young woman went to the prison to see her husband who was in prison then.那位年轻妇女去监狱探望那时在坐牢的丈夫。 其他类似用法：
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去 in church 在教堂做礼拜 in the church 在教堂里 at table 在吃饭 at the table 在餐桌旁
考题： While he was at ______ college, he took part in political activities, and was soon thrown into ______ prison. A. the; / B. /; the C. /; / D. the; the 答案是C。第一空表示上大学，第二空表示入狱，都不要冠词。
2. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉就是我去向他请教的那个黑人律师。
advice 忠告, 劝告; 建议; 指点 (1) a piece of advice 一条建议
(2) She gave me some good advice on how to learn English. 她就如何学英语给了我一些好的建议。
(3) I think I'll take your advice and get the green dress. 我想我会接受你的建议，买那件绿裙子。
(4) Can I give you a piece of advice? 我能给你提一条建议吗？ (5) My advice is to go by train. 我的建议是坐火车去。
(6) We went to Paris on Sarah's advice. 我们依照萨拉的建议，去了巴黎。 advise verb
advise + n. The doctor advised a change of air. 医生建议换换空气。 advise sb. to do advise doing advise sb. on sth.
She advises the government on environmental issues.她是政府的环境问题顾问。 advise + wh- + to do
The pharmacist will advise which medicines are safe to take.药剂师会建议服用哪些药才安全。
advise + that sb ( should ) + do
advise sb. not to do sth.= advise sb. against doing sth.建议某人不要做某事 自测题：
（1）We are often advised _____ notes in class, but few do so.
A. taking B. take C. to take D. took （2）My sister advised me that I ______ accept the job.
A. would B. might C. could D. should
（3）He often advised the young workers on ______ the machine and they learned quickly.
A. to operate B. how operate C. how operating D. how to operate （4）I advised _____ until the right time but they wouldn’t listen .
A. to wait B. waiting C. waited D. on wait （5）In one of his books, Marx gave some _______ how to learn English. A. advices on B. advice on C. suggestion to D. suggestions of Keys : （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B （5）B 3...,and I worried about whether I would become out of work. out of work意为： 失业 。
out of business破产；歇业out of control失控 out of repair失修out of order有毛病
out of date过时out of one’s reach够不着 out of danger脱险out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能的out of patience失去耐心 out of mind心不在焉
Out of sight,out of mind.［谚］眼不见，心不念。 （离久情疏） 即学即用
（1）他必须正视失业这一现实。
He must face the reality of .
（2）过期护照是无效的。
A passport that is is invalid.
4 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
句中have seen的主语是时间名词the last thirty years. 动词see, find, witness 等词由时间或地点名词作主语，以增添语言色彩，意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生（某情况），经历，经受”。
The city has seen many changes. 这座城市经历了许多变化。 Dusk found him crying in the street. 黄昏时发现他在街上哭。 5 Black people couldn’t vote or choose their leaders. 观察思考
The issue was put to the vote.这一问题被付诸表决。
We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。
The whole team have voted me their captain.全体队员投票选我担任他们的队长。 归纳总结
vote n.投票；选票；表决；vt.& vi.投票；选举。 vote for赞成；投某人的票 vote against投票反对
vote out（以投票方式）罢免（某人） vote down投票否决
vote on/upon对……投票表决
vote sth.through表决通过（提案等） 即学即用——用适当的介词填空
（1）I shall vote for (for/against) Bert because I think he’s the best man.
（2）As we can’t reach an agreement on this matter, let’s vote on (down/out/on) it. choose用法：
choose + n . 选中
choose +to do 决定；愿意
choose from / between 从…选择 choose sb. + as 选某人当…
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 choose + wh- + to do
cannot choose but to do 只好做----
(1) Some people say that they _______ to live in the countryside.
A. enjoy B. feel like C. choose D. miss (2) There are five pairs _______ , but I’m at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing Keys : (1)C (2)B
choice noun [C or U] an act or the possibility of choosing: (1) It's a difficult choice to make. 这个选择很难做。
(2) It's your choice/The choice is yours (= only you can decide). 你来决定。
(3) It was a choice between pain now or pain later, so I chose pain later. 这是一个先痛和后痛之间的选择，我选后痛。
(4) Now you know all the facts, you can make an informed choice. 现在你了解情况了，你可以根据了解的情况作出选择。
(5) I'd prefer not to work but I don't have much choice (= this is not possible). 我不愿意工作，但我没什么选择余地。
(6) He had no choice but to accept (= He had to accept). 他没办法只能接受。 (7) Is she single by choice? 她自己选择单身的吗？
6. …we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
either….or….或者。。。或者。。。 both…and….两者都 neither….nor…两者都不
7. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才能想出解决这个问题的办法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。 ③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重时，他才卧床休息。 Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误. 即学即用
Only in this way to make improvement in the operating system. A.you can hope B.you did hope C.did you hope D.can you hope
注意: only 只有在修饰状语时，句子才出现部分倒装；若修饰主语时，句子则不倒装。 Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他知道如何解决这个问题。 8. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings. 在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。 blow up “炸毁，（使）炸得粉碎”; “给。。。充气，打气”
Rebels attempted to blow up the bridge.叛乱分子企图炸毁桥梁。
Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres? 你能借给我个打气筒给车胎打打气吗? blow out 吹灭，熄灭 blow off 不重视
blow over 刮倒，吹倒
9.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
equal v.等于；抵得上；adj.相等的；胜任的;n.同等的人；相等物 A equals B A等于B A is equal to B A等于B