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英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ 啊(长音) /?:/ /?:/ /i:/ /U:/ 一(长音) 屋(长音) 奥(长音) 额(长音) 短元音 /?/ 阿 /e?/ 和拼音的“ei”一样 双元音 /??/ 一而 /?U/ 欧 /?/ 奥 /a?/ 挨 /e?/ 挨而 /aU/ 袄 /?/ 额 /??/ 外 /U?/ 勿而 /?/ 一 /U:/ 屋 /e/ 挨 /?/ 挨 辅音(28个)
轻辅音 浊辅音 /p/ 颇 /b/ 伯 /t/ 特 /d/ 得 /k/ 克 /g/ 个 /f/ 佛 /v/ 勿 /θ/ 四(咬舌音) /e/ 字(咬舌音) /s/ 四 /z/ 自 轻辅音 浊辅音 鼻音 半元音 /?/ 是 /?/ 日 /m/ 呣 /j/ 也 /h/ 和 /r/ 若 /n/ 呢 / w/ 我 /ts/ 差(ci) /t?/ 迟 /tr/ 缺 /dr/ /dz/ 资 /d?/ 之 /?/ 边音 /?/ 了
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英语音标及字母组合对照
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
编 号 1-01 元音字母 在开音节a 中 在闭音节中 在开音节e 中 在闭音节中 在开音节i 中 在闭音节中 o 在开音节中 读 音 例 词 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake [?] bag dad hat map black back 1-02 [i:] he these me Chinese 1-03 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06 [ou] those close go hoe home no 1-07 .
. 在闭音节中 clock not box shop sock 1-08 [在开音节中 [ju:] ] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09 u 在闭音节中 bus cup jump much lunch 1-10 [] 1-11 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号 .
. a China another woman breakfast 2-01 [[i] ] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02 e hundred student open weekend 2-03 [[i] ] chicken pocket begin children 2-04 .
. i holiday beautiful family animal 2-05 [[ai] ]/[i] exercise satellite 2-06 o second tonight somebody welcome 2-07 [] .
. also zero photo 2-08 [u] u autumn diffcult 2-09 [[ju:] ] popular congratulation January 2-10 2-11 2-12 1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2 u处在开音节位置, 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue .
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在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 ]音,也可
编 号 a在[w]音后面 want what watch wash quality 3-01 [a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 i在-nd -ld和gh前 o在-st -ld前 [α:] ] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father find child light high most postcard old cold 3-02 [ai] [ou] 3-03 3-04 .
. o在m n v th前 come monkey love mother 3-05 [
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 [α:] ] 例 词 car farm dark sharpener 编 号 4-01 ar ar在[w]音后面 warm quarter towards 4-02 [:] .
. forty morning short 4-03 or or在[w]音后面 [:] word worker worse 4-04 [:] er ir ur certainly bird Thursday 4-05 [.
:] . 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry 4-06 4-07 -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 ]音,例如:dollar teacher 例 词 编 号 are care dare hare 5-01 [ε] .
. ere here mere 5-02 [i] ire fire hire wire 5-03 [ai] ore more score before 5-04 [.
:] . ure pure cure 5-05 [ju are ere ire ore] 很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读5-06 []音,例如:picture pleasure 5-07 5-08 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 ai/ay 读 音 [ei] 例 词 afraid rain wait day play 编 号 6-01 .
. air air hair chair pair repair 6-02 [ε] small ball talk wall all 6-03 al al在f m前 [] always also salt almost 6-04 [.
:l] . [α:] half calm 6-05 au/aw autumn daughter draw 6-06 [[i:] ea [e] [ei] :] teach easy cheap please 6-07 heavy bread sweater weather 6-08 break great 6-09 ear hear dear near clear year 6-10 [i] .
. bear pear wear swear 6-11 [ε] earth learn early 6-12 [ee [i:] :] jeep week green three 6-13 .
. eer pioneer deer beer 6-14 [iei/ey eu/ew在 j l r s后 ie/ei[s]音之后 oa [ei] [i:] [ju:] [u:] [i:] [ou] ] eight neighbour they either key new few newspaper flew brew jewelry piece field receive coat Joan boat goal 6-15 6-16 6-17 6-18 6-19 6-20 oar/oor roar board door floor 6-21 [:] .
. oi/oy noise point boy toilet 6-22 [oo [u:] [u] [au] [ou] i] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good flower house count down know row throw though 6-23 6-24 6-25 6-26 ou/ow young country enough 6-27 [[u:] ] group you soup 6-28 .
. course your four 6-29 [:] our our hour ours 6-30 [au] journey 6-31 [.
:] . ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] [u:] fluid suicide tuition juice fruit suit 6-32 6-33
七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 ai/ay ei/ey Sunday [i] foreign monkey yellow ow [ou] sparrow tomorrow 7-01 读 音 例 词 编 号 7-02 7-03 元音字组在非重读音节中读[famous biscuit coffee ]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious .
. -sion -tion impressio7-0n nation 4 [n] -sion在元音字母后 vision decision occasion 7-05 [n] -tion在s后 question suggestion 7-06 [.
. n] -sten -stle [sn] listen 7-07 7-08 [sl] whistle -sure pleasure measure 7-09 [.
. ] -ture [picture culture 7-10 ] .
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八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] 8-01 blackboard[:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > 8-02 breakfast[] 早餐 .
. cup茶杯 + board木板[:] > cupboard[
九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 [b] [/] [k] [s] ] 碗柜 例 词 bike bus bag bomb tomb 编 号 9-01 9-02 b c c在e前或在i/y前 cake picture coat music 9-03 face decide cinema 9-04 .
. much chick rich teacher 9-05 [ch [k] ] school chemistry headache 9-06 machine Chicago 9-07 [-ck d [k] [d] ] cock knock pocket black 9-08 doctor bread hand day 9-09 .
. -dge bridge fridge 9-10 [dr- f [dr] [f] ] children driver drink five four breakfast 9-11 9-12 g g在e i/y前 bag gardon go 9-13 [] .
. orange large German 9-14 [gh [f] [/] ] cough enough light daughter high 9-15 9-16 gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 guess league dialogue 9-17 [] .
. language anguish 9-18 [h [h] [/] w] hot head house hand hour honest 9-19 9-20 j jeep jar joke join July 9-21 [k kn- l m -mn n [k] [n] [l] [m] [m] [n] ] kind bike skate make week knife know knock life milk school tall 9-22 9-23 9-24 monkey come autumn 9-25 autumn solemn not shine ten note column 9-26 9-27 .
. n在[k] [g]音前 uncle thank hungry 9-28 [] -ng morning young wrong 9-29 [p [p] ] paper plane pig ship pen elephant telephone Iraq quality quite red rubber ruler sit sleep desk music husband scarlet muscle science photo 9-30 ph q qu- r s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 sc- [f] [k] [kw] [r] [s] [z] [sk] [s] 9-31 9-32 9-33 9-34 9-35 9-36 9-37 9-38 .
. sh she fish shirt wash 9-39 [[t] ] ten letter meet 9-40 t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 patient nation 9-41 [] .
. tch watch 9-42 [[θ] ] thin thirty method 9-43 th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 the these with than 9-44 [] .
. clothe father weather 9-45 [tr- v [tr] [v] [w] [/] wh- wh-在字母o前 x 在重读元音前 wr- y- z
十、英语语音名词解释 [w] [h] [ks] [gz] [r] [j] [z] ] tree train country truck 9-46 very voice love leave week win wake sweet wait answer two 9-47 9-48 9-49 w what when white why 9-50 who whose whole box text exercise examle exist exact write 9-51 9-52 9-53 9-54 yes yard yellow young 9-55 puzzle zero zoo 9-56 1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,0-01 .
. 不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如:′stu-dent ′Chi-na ′sec-ond ′au-tumn in-′deed 0-05 0-04 0-03 0-02 0-06 .
. 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如: a′bout be′fore ex′cuse re′pair for-′get-ful in-′ven-tor 7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如:′el-e-phant con-grat-u-′la-tion 0-07 词尾有-ic或.
. -tion,-sion重读。例如:scien′tific im′pression ′nation
的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上.