loadingThe ABC of Phonetic Symbols 音标基础知识
编稿人：陈靖波 校对：高一英语组
（一）国际音标(phonetic symbols)
国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。语言学中，音标是记录音素的符号。 音素分为元音音素(vowels)和辅音音素(consonants)。国际音标共48个，元音音素/音标20个，辅音音素/音标28个。
国际音标发音表
发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音叫辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。
（二）音节(Syllable)
音节是最小的发音单位。根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重音符号(,)。按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。
开音节： a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, these, bike, home, use b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three 闭音节： a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,
b)元音+辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant
（三）辅音单个字母和字母组合发音规则
1. p/p/ 2. b /b/ 3.t/t/ 4. d /d/
5. c,k,ck /k/ 6. g /g/, /?/ 7. f, ph /f/ 8. v /v/
9. s, c/s/ 10. s /z/, /?/ 11. z /z/
12. sh /?/ 13. th /θ/, /e/
14. ch, tch /?/
15. x /ks/ 16. tr /tr/ 17.dr /dr/ 18. ts /ts/ 19.ds /dz/ 20. l /l/
21. m /m/ 22. n /n/ 23. n,ng /?/ 24. w,wh /w/ 25. j,y /j/ 26. wh,h /h/
27. r /r/ 28. qu /kw/
发音练习： 1. c/k/ cap cook clock come cold
close c/s/ city certainly rice piece pencil
nice
recycle
2. g/g/ girl
good
god blog fog graduate g/?/ orange large vegetable change geography technology
3. s/z/ rose close as his busy nose please s/s/ bus glass
class
sister
sit
horse
house
s/?/ usual pleasure treasure measure
television
s/?/ sure
4. ch/?/ chick much
child which each peach China
ch/k/ school
stomach chemistry
headache
ch/?/ machine 5. tch/?/
watch
match
5. sh/?/ sheep ship
English shirt shout
short
6. th/θ/ thick think thank mouth birthday thirteen south
th/e/
this
these those that with father another
7. ts/ts/ kites rabbits shorts boots 8. ds/dz/ beds birds friends woods
9. tr/tr/
tree street
tractor try trip train 10. dr /dr/ drive driven hundred dress driver drink
11. ng/ ? / think thank thing pink
wrong
12. wh/w/ why
what when
what which
when white
wh/h/ who
whose
（四）元音单个字母和字母组合发音规则
1. a /eI/ cake make later snake paper baby face game a /? / apple cat cap bag hat map mat black back a /?: / water
a /?/ watch wash want what a /I/ orange
a /?/ China woman another breakfast banana
a/a:/ class glass ask banana dance last father fast a /e/ any many
2. e / i:/ he we she me these Chinese
e /e/ bed desk yes egg pen pencil leg let 3. i /aI/ bike kite like drive time child find
i/I/ pig this sit drink milk swim fish ship sister 4. o /??/ go nose those home clothes close no o/?/ dog clock lot box fox not holiday
o/?/ mother other brother another monkey come love o/?/ wolf
5. u/ju:/ use student cute duty excuse Tuesday u/? / mug cut but bus jump much fun cup nut u/?/ put
u/u:/ ruler blue glue June super
u/I/ busy
6. y/aI/ my why shy fly sky try buy by bye spy sly y/I/ baby city windy sunny cloudy ready happy y/j/ yellow yes yoyo young
7. ea /i:/ clean season read meal leaf mean seat speak
ea /e/ bread breakfast weather ea /eI/ great
8. ee/i:/ see meet three jeep queen thirteen sheep sweet 9. ow/au/ brown how cow flower now town
ow/??/ blow grow window snow know yellow rainbow 10. ou /au / mouth house playground cloud sound about
ou/u:/ group soup
ou/?/ young country enough
11. oa/??/ boat goat raincoat road goal
12. or/?:/ horse more for fork shorts New York pork
or/?:/ work word worker world homework or/ ? / doctor actor factory mirror 13. aw/?: / draw strawberry 14. oor/?:/ door floor
oor/??/ poor
15. all/?:/ all wall fall call small basketball ball tall
al/?:/ talk walk always also
16.ir/?:/ bird girl shirt skirt third first thirsty 17. ur/?:/ turn nurse Thursday Saturday fur return 18. ear/?:/ learn early earth
ear/I?/ ear hear near clear year ear/e?/ bear wear pear ear/a:/ heart
19. er/?/ driver finger computer river sweater matter weather 20. our/au/ our hour flour
our/?/ colour favourite our/?:/ four your course our/??/ tour tourist
21. ai/eI/ rain rainbow wait rainy e-mail straight again
ai/I/ mountain
22. ay/eI/ day may say way play stay away holiday
ay/I/ Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday 23. air/e?/ air hair chair stair pair fair 24. ere/e? / there where
ere/I?/ here
25. eer/I?/ deer cheer beer
26. oo/u:/ food school room too moon noon balloon cool
oo/u/ foot took good look cook book classroom 27. ar/a:/ car garden park far farm farmer art shark
ar/?:/ warm
28. igh/aI/ high night light might fight right 29. oy/?I/ boy toy 30. oi/?I/ point soil 31. au/?: / autumn daughter 32. ey/i:/ key
ey /I/ monkey money