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江西婺源县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼（三）
【2016高考训练题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 As with every other invasive（入侵的）species, introducing worms to an ecosystem（生态系统）that developed without them has an effect on everything that lives there.
This concern is very clear in the Great Lakes region. Non — native earthworms（蚯蚓）have been in North America for a couple hundred years, brought over from Europe with soils and plants. More recently, Asian species, sold as fishing bait（饵料）, have started to spread in the Great Lakes region, where there are no native earthworms.
In these earthworm-free forests, when leaves fall onto the forest floor and plants and animals die, they build up into what’s called the duff（腐殖质）layer. In this area, it was just bacteria that broke down the organic material for plants to consume and take up. Earthworms come in, they do their job and do it extremely well — they take that forest floor and turn it into the rich black soil you find in your garden.
That sounds great-but the local plants and animals in the Great Lakes region are used to living with the duff layer, not in the rich soil associated with earthworms. In addition, the rich top soil left by earthworms can wash out in a heavy rain. The differently produced soil is a problem as well. There’s a mat of fine roots in that duff layer-that’s where a lot of our native plants put their root system. When that duff is gone, it’s a lot harder for them to put their roots into the mineral（矿物质的）soil.
1. What is the author’s attitude towards the work of invasive earthworms ? A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Doubtful. D. Respectful. 2. How does the Asian species affect the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Region? A. By changing the soil. B. By Killing the native species. C. By eating the native plants. D. By serving as fishing bait. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about ________.
A. Asian earthworms’ work is helpful to the roots of the native plants. B. The native plants have finally adapted to the rich black soil. C. The Asian earthworms caused great problems for the local plants. D. The local plants find it easy to put their roots into the mineral soil.
本文讲述了作为鱼饵被引入到美洲五大湖区的亚洲蚯蚓由于改变了当地的土壤环境，而影响当地植物
的生长，破坏了生态环境。
1. B.从开头作者就谈到把蚯蚓引到一个无蚯蚓生态区会对生活在那里的万物产生影响。第二段开头又提到。这种担心在五大湖区是显而易见的。因此作者字里行间流露出对亚洲蚯蚓带来的生态影响的担心。 2. A.从第三段可知，在没有蚯蚓的森林中，落叶和动物尸体会堆积成腐殖层，它们是由细菌来分解成可供给植物来吸收的成分的。蚯蚓到来后，它们把地表的腐殖层(特点是:因为是落叶腐烂形成的，所以松软，植物容易扎根。)变成了肥沃的黑土，即第四段中所讲的the mineral soil(矿物质层)(特点是:因为被蚯蚓消化分解后的腐叶实质上已经变成了颗粒团状粪便，比腐殖质要有粘性，坚硬)，从第四段最后两句可知，而这使得习惯了在腐殖质土层植根的当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根，植物不能很好的生长了，自然会导致生态系统的破坏。
3. C.最后一段从腐殖质土壤被改变，新形成的矿物质土壤易流失，和当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根等三个方面论述了亚洲蚯蚓对五大湖区生态的影响。
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Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that
threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be
reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains
of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh
in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern
Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient
age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have
been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”
The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records
should be kept.
1. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _________.
A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species wee dug out at Happisburgh. C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
3. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857. C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.
【参考答案】1—4、ＢＣＤＤ
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Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did
It best .Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room ,people also made fewer math mistakes Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwesterm Memorial Hospital spent a
Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds， Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing. ( ) 1. What does the text mainly discuss? A．What pets bring to their owners B．How pets help people calm down C．people’s opinions of keeping pets D．Pet’s value in medical research
( ) 2. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if