loading四． 以缩写代文字 acknowledge: ack advice: adv after: aft
extra: x ……
五． 以汉字代英文 sentence: 句 ……
六． 以前三个字母代替长单词 cor= corporation ……
七．特简符号： for: 4 ……
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口译笔记速记符号归总
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:
Abbreviations in Note taking
Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.
Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.
S = sum
f = frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department
Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics
dem = democracy lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual
cons = conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government
Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am\\'t = amount cont\\'d = continued gov\\'t = government educat\\'l = educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.
Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.
If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.
Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against \\\\ = therefore = = is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for example ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = water
More reference:
Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus // parallel
Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example
IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom
Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client
Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:
subj subject budg budget ind individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable
of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech\\'gy technology gen\\'ion generalisation del\\'y delivery
Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding \\'s.\\' Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios
Use \\'g\\' to represent \\'ing\\' endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking
estblg establishing
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in ，but ，as ，key
Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is ，was ，were
Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a ，an ，the
If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:
January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB
Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: @ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against
Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.
Other Symbols and Abbreviations