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“植物逆境生物学”期末论文
学院： 生命科学学院 姓名：****************
学号： **************** 班级： **************
干旱对植物影响的研究进展
摘要: 干旱是影响植物生长的主要因素之一,干旱胁迫可造成经济作物产量的逐年大幅下降[1],它们不能逃避不利的环境变化, 它们需要快速的感应胁迫刺激进而适应各种环境胁迫。干旱对植物生长发育、物质代谢、信号传递、保护酶系的影响,以及干旱条件下植物体内的各种变化,从而为更深层次地研究干旱对植物的影响提供依据。水分在植物的生命活动中起着极大的作用,全世界由于水分亏缺导致的减产超过其他因素造成的减产的总和[1]。干旱、低温、高温、盐渍等不良环境是影响植物生长的重要因子,其作用于植物会引起植物体内一系列生理、生化和分子生物学上的变化,主要包括生物膜结构与组成的改变,许多特异性蛋白、糖、渗透调节物质(甜菜碱和脯氨酸等)的增加,和一些酶活性的变化等[2]。干旱影响了植物的生长、发育，植物体表现为生长和代谢受到抑制,严重时甚至引起不可逆伤害,最终导致植株死亡[3-4]。大多数植物遭受干旱逆境后各个生理过程都会受到不同程度的影响。因此，我们要用各种预防途径来减少干旱对植物的影响。本文系统介绍了在干旱胁迫条件下，植物内外在的变化和对逆境的响应能力。
关键词: 干旱胁迫；影响；生长发育；信号传递；保护酶系
Research progress of drought
effects on the plants
Abstract：Drought is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, drought
stress can cause economic crop yield year after year dropped [1], they cannot
escape fromadverse environmental changes,they need rapid induction of stress stimuli and to adapt to various environmental stresses. Effect of drought on plant growth and development, metabolism, signal transduction, protective enzyme system, and various changes in plants under drought conditions, so as to more deep research on effect of drought on plantprovides the basis.Water plays a very important role in the life of plants, the world due to water deficitlead to the reduction of more than other factors yields the sum of [1].Drought, low temperature, high temperature, salinity and other bad environmentis an important factor affecting plant growth, and its role in plant will cause a series of physiological changes in plants, biochemical and molecular biology,including the structure and composition of biological membrane changes, manyspecific protein, sugar, osmotic adjustment substances (Betaine and proline)increased, and the activities of some enzymes such as [2] changes.The effect of drought on the growth of plants, plant development, performance for the growth and metabolism is
inhibited,serious or even cause irreversibledamage, eventually lead to death of plant [3-4].Most plants subjected to drought stress and various physiological processes are affected in different degree.Therefore, we should use various ways to reduce the prevention effects of drought on plant. This paper
introduces in drought stress conditions, plants and in the change of stress and response ability.
Keywords: Drought stress; Influence; Growth and Development; Signal
transduction; Protective enzyme system
引言：干旱是影响植物生长和生产的最重要的环境因素之一, 它促进活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和脱落酸（ABA）的产生, 对植物体内糖类、脂质、蛋白和核酸产生不利影响。[5]Ca2+是细胞内重要的第二信使, 其介导的信号转导可缓解逆境胁迫对植物的伤害。干旱会诱导参与渗透调节的基因的表达，