loading必修三 Unit 1 课文内容部分
1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.
主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句中的food was difficult to find是“主语+be+adj. (for sb.)+to do”句型。
△ “主语+be+adj.+(for sb.)+to do”句型 该句型是一个常用句型，其用法为：
⑴ 此中形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词。常见的有easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, dangerous, cheap, heavy等。
⑵ 不定式中的动词和句子的主语之前存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
⑶ 不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并用for引出。
⑷ 若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上结构或含义所需的介词。 The problem is very hard for me to solve. The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. The room is really pleasant to live in.
练习：
⑴ 用括号内词的适当形式填空
① This novel is interesting ____________ (read).
② The lecture was hard for them __________ (understand); they all felt sleepy.
③ I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____________ (breathe). ⑵ 单句改错
① As far as I know, the young man is hard to get along. ② The bed is comfortable to sleep.
2. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 本句为简单句，句中with “bones” on them为with的符合结构，在此结构中，介词短语on them做宾补。 △ with复合结构
with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾补”结构，在句中常做定语或状语，作宾补的可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语、形容词、副词等。其常见形式如下： ⑴ with+宾语+现在分词
The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes looking at the blackboard. (作伴随状语)
⑵ with+宾语+过去分词
With his hair cut, he looked much younger. (原因状语)
⑶ with+宾语+不定式。切记：不定式通常都用主动形式 With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed to go out. (原因状语) ⑷ with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (表状态) The old man fell asleep with the light on. (伴随状语) The teacher came in with a book in his hand. (伴随状语)
练习：
⑴ 语法填空
① I can’t imagine how he finished the relay race, with his foot __________ (wound) so seriously.
② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. ⑵ 句型转换
① The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.
The children came running towards us ________________________________________. ② There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.
______________________________ tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.
3. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. 该句中covered with cherry tree flowers是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which was covered with cherry tree flowers; looks后面是as though引导的表语从句。 △ as though引导从句的用法 as though意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与as if相同。
⑴ 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, sound, feel, smell等之后。 It looks as if it is going to rain. It looks as though you are ill today.
⑵ 引导方式状语从句，用来修饰主语的谓语。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something. She looked at me as if she hadn’t seen me before.
⑶ as if/though引导的从句有时可用省略形式，此时as if/though之后可以接形容词、不定式、分词或介词短语等。
She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone. ⑷ as if/though从句的语气：
① 当从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气； ② 如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气。以下为虚拟情况：
虚拟情况 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 He talks as if he knew everything about it. He acted as if nothing had happened.
She talks and talks as if she would never stop.
从句时态 一般过去时（be动词一律用were） 过去完成时 should/would/could/might + 动词原形 “as if/though”从句表示虚拟 练习：
⑴ It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it? ⑵ Don’t handle the vase as if it ________ (be) made of steel.
⑶ The two strangers talked as though they ________ (be) friends for years. ⑷ From time to time Jason turned round as if ________ (search) for someone.
4. Christmas actually started as a religious festival celebrated by Christians around the world. 过去分词短语celebrated by Christians around the world在此句中作后置定语，修饰a religious festival, celebrate与a religious festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 △ 过去分词（短语）作定语
⑴ 位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰词之后。 This is a used stamp.
The concert held by their friends was a great success.
⑵ 时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动词已完成。
He likes the gift bought by his father. They are sweeping the fallen leaves.
⑶ 拓展性：过去分词短语作后置定语时常可拓展为相对应的定语从句。 Is this the book recommended by the teacher?
= Is this the book which was recommended by the teacher?
△ 辨析比较 过去分词、现在分词及动词不定式作定语时的区别 语法 过去分词作定语 形式 done 语态及时间意义 常表示被动或动作已完成。 表示主动和动作正在进行，也可以表示现在（当时）的状态。 They lived in a room facing the south. 表示被动和动作正在进行。 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 表示动作将要发生。 He has a lot of work to do today. 表示被动和动作将要发生。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. doing 现在分词作定语 being done to do 不定式作定语 to be done 练习：
⑴ 用所给动词的适当形式填空
① You cannot accept an opinion __________ (offer) to you unless it is based n facts. ② Do you know the young man __________ (talk) to our English teacher now?
③ Listen! The song __________ (sing) is very popular with the students. ⑵ 完成句子
① The building ____________________ (正在修建的) now is our library. ② The building ____________________ (去年修建的) is our library. ③ The building ____________________ (明年要修建的) is our library.
5. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... △ It is/was obvious that ...
⑴ 该句型意为“显然??；显而易见??”，相当于it is/was apparent/clear that...或Obviously, ...。
⑵ It在此作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，that只起连接作用，无任何意义但不能省略。
It’s obvious that everyone likes her lessons. = Obviously, everyone likes her lessons.
⑶ obvious后面也可街to sb.，构句型：it is/was obvious to sb.that... (在某人看来??是显而易见的)。
It is obvious to us that he didn’t do it himself. △ 特别提醒
It is/was obvious (to sb.) that... 可以转化为含有what引导的主语从句的主从复合句或含有which引导的定语从句的主从复合句。 It is obvious to us that he is lying.
= What is obvious to us is that he is lying. = He is lying, which is obvious to us.
练习： 句型转换
It is obvious to everyone that the child has been badly treated.
⑴ The child has been badly treated, ____________________. (定语从句)
⑵ ____________________ is that the child has been badly treated. (主语从句)
6. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. △ while做连词的用法
⑴ 作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，以为“当??的时候”，从句谓语动词应使用延续性动词。
Don’t talk while you’re eating.
While you are young, you should learn more knowledge. ⑵ 作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，从句常位于句首。 While it was very late, he still went on working. ⑶ 作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”，用来连接两个并列分句。 I like singing while she likes dancing. △ 特别提醒
When引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词是，when和while可以互换。 Sorry, I was out when you called me.