新标准大学英语第四册第一单元课文原文及翻译表格格式 - 图文

大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦 今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？ Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofa More than 650,000 students left university this summer and many have no idea about the way to get a job. How tough should a parent be to galvanize them in these financially fraught times? In July, you looked on as your 儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方handsome 21-year-old son, dressed 帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学in gown and mortar board, proudly 位证书，拍 毕业照。这时，clutched his honors degree for his 记忆中每年支付几千英镑，graduation photo. Those memories 好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参of forking out thousands of pounds 加聚会的记忆开始消退。但a year so that he could eat well and 现 在，你又不得不再考虑钱go to the odd party began to fade. 的问题。 Until now. 七月，你看着英俊的21 岁的As the summer break comes to a close 地的学生正在为新学期做准and students across the country 备的时候，你却发现大学毕prepare for the start of a new term, 业的儿子还 歪躺在沙发上you find that your graduate son is 看电视。除此之外，他只是still spending his days slumped in 偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网front of the television, broken 站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝only by texting, Facebook and 酒。 这位属于“千禧一代”visits to the pub. This former 的年青人一夜之间变成了scion of Generation Y has morphed “抱怨一代”的成员。他能overnight into a member of 找到工作吗？ Generation Grunt. Will he ever get a job? 等到暑假快要结束，全国各 This is the scenario facing 的状况：今年夏天，65 万多thousands of families. More than 大学生毕业，在当今金融危650,000 students left university 机的背景下， 他们中的大多this summer and most in these 数人不知道自己下一步该做financially testing times have no 什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿idea what to do next. Parents 女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛revert to nagging; sons and 逆 者。他们知道自己该找份daughters become rebels without a 工作，但却不知道如何去找。 cause, aware that they need to get 这就是成千上万家庭所面临a job, but not sure how. 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉 学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一 起住的另外5 个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作的压力不大，虽然他认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划 他说：“我申请政治学研究工Jack Goodwin, from Middlesex, graduated with a 2:1 in politics from Nottingham this summer. He walked into the university careers service and straight back out again; there was a big queue. He lived with five other boys all of whom did the same. There was no pressure to find a job, even though most of the girls he knew had a clearer plan. “I applied for a job as a political 作，但被拒绝了。他们给的researcher, but got turned down,” 年薪是1 万8 千镑，交完房he says. “They were paying 租后所剩无 几，也就够买一￡18,000, which doesn't buy you much 罐豆子，可他们还要有研究more than a tin of beans after rent, 经历或硕士学位的人。然后but they wanted people with 我又申请参加快速晋升人才experience or masters degrees. 培 养计划，并通过了笔试。Then I applied for the Civil 但在面试时，他们说我‘太Service fast stream. I passed the 冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家exam, but at the interviews they 政治论者’。我觉得 自己不accused me of being ‘too detached' 可能那样，但我显然就是那and talking in language that was 样的。” ‘too technocratic', which I didn't think possible, but obviously it is.” Since then he has spent the summer “隐身”。 他能够轻松地复“hiding”. He can recount several 述出电视剧《交通警察》中episodes of Traffic Cops and has 的若干片段。 他白天看电视seen more daytime television than 的时间太长，已经到了影响is healthy. He talks to his friends 健康的地步。跟朋友谈起自about his aimless days and finds 己漫无目标的日子时，他才that most are in the same boat. One 发现 他们的处境和自己一has been forced out to stack 样。一位朋友在父母的逼迫shelves by his parents. For the 下去超市上货，其余的则都rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” 是朝九晚五地“无所 事事”，before heading to the pub. So how 晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时about working behind the bar, to 间。要么，干脆就在酒吧工pay for those drinks? “I don't 作？这样还可以挣些酒钱。want to do bar work. I went to a “我不想在酒吧工作。我上comprehensive and I worked my 的是综合学校，我拼命读书backside off to go to a good 才考上了一所好大学。到了university, where I worked really 打那以后，他整个夏天都在大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上。我觉得自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来的起点。” 他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替hard to get a good degree,” he says. “Now I'm back at the same stage as those friends who didn't go to uni at all, who are pulling pints and doing deadend jobs. I feel that I've come full circle.” Jacqueline Goodwin, his mother, 他辩护。她坚持认为她的儿defends him. She insists that he 子已经尽力了。因为她自己has tried to get a job, but having 中学毕业后 一直都在工作，worked full-time since leaving 所以她和她的丈夫发现，建school herself, she and her husband 议儿子如何继续找工作是件find it tricky to advise him on how 很棘手的事情。她说，“我 一to proceed. “I have always had to 直都不得不工作。而现在的work,” she says. “It's difficult 年青人很难做到这一点，因because when you have a degree, it 为如果你有了学位，学位就opens new doors for you, or you'd 会为你提供新 的机会，至少like to think that it does.” 你自己会这么想。” Although she is taking a soft line 比较温和，但是她心里很清with her son at the moment, she is 楚，去南美度三星期的假之clear that after an upcoming 后，他的休假 就该结束了。three-week trip to South America, 他可能还得付房租，并分担his holiday from work will have to 家庭开支。 end. He may even have to pay rent and contribute to the household bills. 虽然现在她对儿子的态度还 心理治她说，“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学的学费，所以他也该给我们一点点回报了。南美度假就是一个分水岭，他回来以后如果找不到工作，那就圣诞节打零工好了。” 心理理疗师盖尔·林登费尔德是《情感康复策略》的作者。她说古德温夫妇的做法是很恰当的。 从大学到工作的转换对父母和孩子来说都“They've got to grow up at some point. We've finished paying for university, so a little bit of help back is good,” she says. “The South America trip is the cut-off point. When he comes back there'll be Christmas work if nothing else.” Gael Lindenfield, a psychotherapist and the author of The Emotional Healing Strategy, says that the Goodwin parents have struck exactly the right note. The 很艰难，关键是父母要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找 到一个平衡点。 transition from university to a job is tough for parents and children: crucially they must balance being positive and understanding with not making life too comfortable for their offspring. “The main job for the parent is to 孩子，如果他们教导孩子该be there because if they start 如何做，那么就会引起矛advising them what to do, that is 盾，”她说。“如 果有熟人，when the conflict starts. If you 一定要找他们想办法。但很have contacts, by all means use 多父母心太软了。必须限制those,” she says. “But a lot of 孩子的零花钱，要求他们交parents get too soft. Put limits on 房租， 或分担日常生活或养how much money you give them, ask 宠物的开销。父母要维持正them to pay rent or contribute to 常的生活，不要让孩子随便the care of the house or the pets. 用你们的银行账户或者榨干Carry on life as normal and don't 你们的情感能量。” allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserves of emotional energy.” “父母的主要任务就是支持Paying for career consultations, 试交通费及书费是好事，但train fares to interviews or books 不能催得太紧。林登费尔德are good things; being too pushy is 建议：虽说父 母不能太宽not. But while parents should be 容，但是如果孩子找工作遇wary of becoming too soft, 到了挫折，父母应该体谅他Lindenfield advises them to tread 们，宽容他们几天甚至几周sympathetically after a job ——这 取决于他们受打击setback for a few days or even weeks 的程度。等他们缓过来之后，- depending on the scale of the 父母就该坚决要求孩子继续knock. After that the son or 求职。 daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. 为孩子支付职业咨询费、面男孩更容易窝在家里。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友的儿子。 她说，由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同，所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能度过难关。 Boys are more likely to get stuck at home. Lindenfield believes that men are often better at helping their sons, nephews, or friends' sons than are mothers and sisters. Men have a different way of handling setbacks than women, she says, so they need the male presence to talk it through. 林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工：那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方。这工作好不好要取决于你 如何看待它。就是在酒吧打工的时候，林登费尔德找到了她的第一份当航拍助手的工作。她说在酒吧 工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会，肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作。 As for bar work, she is a passionate advocate: it's a great antidote to graduate apathy. It just depends on how you approach it. Lindenfield, who found her first job as an aerial photographic assistant through bar work, says it is a great networking opportunity and certainly more likely to get you a job than lounging in front of the TV. “The same goes for 如果干得好，你就会被人发shelf-stacking. You will be 现的。如果你聪明、活泼，spotted if you're good at it. If 礼貌待客， 你很快就会升you're bright and cheerful and are 职。所以，把它看作是机会。polite to the customers, you'll 那些最终成功的人士很多都soon get moved on. So think of it 有在超市上货的经历。” as an opportunity; people who are successful in the long run have often got shelf-stacking stories,” she says. 她说：“在超市上货也一样。你的儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活，比如像乌比·戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆， 或者像布鲁斯·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫，但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大的小鸡 模样的服装站在快餐连锁店El Pollo Loco 的门口招揽生意。他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得更加穷困。 Your son or daughter may not want to follow Hollywood stars such as Whoopi Goldberg into applying make-up to corpses in a mortuary, or guarding nuclear power plants like Bruce Willis, but even Brad Pitt had to stand outside El Pollo Loco restaurant chain in a giant chicken suit at one time in his life. None of them appears the poorer for these experiences.