同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Language points()(Project)

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Section Ⅵ Language points(Ⅲ)(Project)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．Negative attitudes(态度)are bad for your study and sometimes even make you feel depressed.

2．Our hotel has a worldwide(全世界的) reputation for good service. 3．She was eager(急切的)to tell me about the events that led to the argument. 4．As for those Internet users，they should be cautious(小心的)when making friends online.

5．The tutor needs to observe carefully how the student responds(反应)to different methods of studying.

6．She had little mercy on those who had hurt her. 7．I have an apology to make to you —I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake. 8．Ancient people relied mainly upon their physical strength. 9．He hesitated before he took the last cake. 10．He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter. Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。 1．adolescent adj.青春期的 n．青少年 →adolescence n．青春期；青春

2．caution n．谨慎，小心→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 3．respond vi.做出反应，回应→response n．回答；反应 4．secure adj.安全的，可靠的 →security n．平安，安全；安全措施

5．commit vt.使承担义务；使作出保证；犯罪/错 →committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的

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[寻规律、巧记忆]

n.＋-wide→adj. nationwide全国范围的 countrywide全国范围的 citywide全市的 Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。 1．be eager for sth. 2．regardless of 3．end up 4．rely on 5．thanks to 6．be cautious about 7．be based on 8．in conclusion Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空。

1．At home one relies on one's parents and outside on one's friends. 2．The boss is cautious about making promises. 3．Health is very important to us teenagers.Either study or work is based on strong body.

4．Thanks to the government's efforts，my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

5．Regardless of the children's interest，some parents want them to attend all kinds of other classes，laying a heavy burden on their shoulders.

[寻规律、巧记忆]

be＋adj.＋for→动词短语 be good for 对……有好处 be ready for 准备好…… v.＋up→动词短语 build up 增强 hang up 挂断电话

渴望得到某事不管，不顾最后成为；最终处于依靠，依赖幸亏；由于对……谨慎的

以……为基础，以……为根据总之

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be harmful for 对……有损害 pack up 打包；整理

1．When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，‘My best friend？’... 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”…… [记句式结构]

when asked是“连词＋过去分词”结构，是状语从句的省略形式。 [仿写促落实]

Secondly，when praised，we reply with“Oh，no！”or“I'm overpraised”to show good manners.

其次，当被表扬时，我们用“哦，不是！”或者“过奖了”以示礼貌。 2．We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings. 我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。 [记句式结构]

while连接两个从句，意为“而”，表示一种对比关系。 [仿写促落实]

Some people support it while others do not．一些人支持它而另外一些人则不支持。

3．At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.

开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。

[记句式结构]

having their pictures taken是“have sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。 [仿写促落实]

I must go to town to have my computer repaired. 我得进城找人帮我修电脑。

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attitude n．态度，看法

(教材P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. 男生和女生对友谊的态度是不一样的。 attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对……的态度/看法 have a positive/negative attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/某事物持肯定/否定的态度/看法 take/adopt a/an...attitude 采取……的态度 ①(2018·天津高考·完形填空)From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.

从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。 ②They adopt a strong attitude towards this matter. 他们对这件事采取强硬的态度。

③Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory. 科学家们对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。 ④What is your attitude to/towards the problem? 你对这问题的看法如何？

be based on/upon 以……为基础，以……为根据

(教材P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.

女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。

(1)base vt. n． base...on/upon at the base of... (2)basis n． on the basis of (3)basic adj. 以……为根据基部；基地；基础以……为基础在……的底部基础以……为基础基础的，基本的 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ· 阅读理解B)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat

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“ice cream”．

当与浆果或其他水果片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚的、冷却的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基础。

②You should judge someone on the basis of the truth. 你应该根据事实来评判某个人。

③You should base your remarks on/upon careful investigation. 你的言论应该建立在仔细调查的基础上。

④Before he leaves home，he needs to learn some basic (base) cookery. 离家之前，他需要学点基本的烹饪技巧。 cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的

(教材P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends.

对于与密友们分享感情这件事，男孩会更加谨慎。 (1)be cautious about/of (2)caution n． with caution＝cautiously 对……小心谨慎的小心，谨慎谨慎地 ①Parents must be cautious of/about whatever they say or do in or out of their home because their children are learning from them both consciously and unconsciously.

父母必须对他们在家中或是外面所说或所做的任何事情小心谨慎，因为他们的孩子可能有意或是无意地跟他们学。

②Those numbers need to be treated with caution. 这些数字需要谨慎地看待。

③Move the vase cautiously(cautious) because it is fragile.请小心挪动这个花瓶，因为它易碎。

eager adj.热切的，急不可待的

(教材P18)A girl's closest friend，however，might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life.

而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。

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(1)be eager for sth. be eager to do sth. (2)eagerly adv. eagerness n．渴望得到某物渴望做某事热切地，渴望地渴望，热心，热切 ①Everyone is eager to succeed, but the road to success is full of hardships. 每个人都渴望成功，但是通往成功的道路上充满艰辛。

②These stay-at-home children in the countryside are eager for the love and care from their parents.

这些农村留守儿童渴望得到父母的关爱。

③Five hundred pairs of eyes were fastened upon him eagerly(eager)．五百双眼睛热切地盯着他。 [联想助记]

表达“渴望做某事”的短语还有： ①be anxious to do sth. ③be keen to do sth.

②be dying to do sth. ④long to do sth.

(教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，‘My best friend？’...

当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”…… (1)hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑不决；踌躇；勉强 (1)hesitate about/over... hesitate to do sth. (2)hesitation n． without hesitation have no hesitation in doing sth. 对……犹豫不愿做某事，迟疑做某事犹豫；迟疑不决毫不犹豫毫不犹豫地做某事 ①She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。

②In case you need something，please don't hesitate to ask(ask) me. 如果你需要什么东西，请不要客气，一定要对我说。

③I will have no hesitation(hesitate) in declining the post.我会毫不犹豫地拒绝这个职位。

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(2)respond vi.做出反应，回应 (1)respond to respond that... (2)response n． in response to... make no response to 回答……；对……做出反应回答说…… 回答；反应作为对……的回答/反应对……不作回答，对……无回应 ④(2018·江苏高考·阅读理解D)The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.

该报告发现，如果年轻人对社交媒体上的帖子不及时、不间断地回复，他们的友谊可能会受到威胁。

⑤She made no response to my question. 她对我的问题没有做什么答复。

⑥He always takes the lead in response to the government's call. 他总是带头响应政府的号召。 regardless of不管，不顾

(教材P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.

无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。

(1)regardless adv. (2)despite prep. in spite of 不顾；不管怎样尽管，虽然虽然，尽管 ①Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless. 尽管最近做了手术，她还是不顾一切地进行下去。 ②In spite of his disappointment，he managed a weak smile. 尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。 [明辨异同] regardless of/in spite of regardless of 意为“不管”，强调主观态度 www.ks5u.com 版权所有@高考资源网

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in spite of 意为“尽管”，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相当于despite regardless of，in spite of ③In spite of the cold day，he didn't shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.

[名师点津]

regardless of，despite和in spite of的意义及用法区别不大，都是介词(短语)，后面通常都不接从句。

end up最后成为；最终处于

(教材P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.

最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。 end up as 最终成为 end up with 以……结束(with后的名词是事情的最后一部分) end up in 在……中结束(in后的名词是指事情发展的结果) end up doing 最终做…… end up＋adj./介词短语最后…… ①The boss ended up dead in a car accident. 那位老板最后在一次车祸中丧命。

②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 开始他拒绝承担任何责任，但最终还是道歉了。 ③The festival ended up with fireworks. 节日最后以燃放烟花结束。

④Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar. 不要挥金如土，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。 rely on依靠，依赖；指望

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rely on/upon sb.to do sth. rely on/upon it that... (2)reliable adj. 依靠某人的帮助/自己的努力指望某人做某事相信……(事情) 可靠的，可依赖的 ①These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. 现在，我们在很大程度上依靠电脑来安排我们的工作。 ②You can rely on it that he will come to help you. 你放心好了，他会来帮你的。

③All of us think that he is a reliable(rely)man. 我们所有人都认为他是一个可靠的人。 [名师点津]

rely on后面接that引导的宾语从句时，需要用it作形式宾语。 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的

(教材P19)Friendship means being committed to others.友谊意味着对他人的忠诚。

(1)be committed to (2)commit vt. commit a crime commit oneself to sth. 致力于；献身于致力于，使承担义务；犯(罪，错)，干 (坏事)；承诺，委托犯罪专心致志于；献身于 ①The doctor was committed to practical medicine. 那位医生致力于实用医学。

②I have committed myself，and there is no way to draw back.我既然已做了保证，就无法收回。

③He has committed himself(he)to the cause of education.他已决心献身教育事业。

mercy n．宽恕；仁慈；怜悯；恩惠；幸运

(教材P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy. 因为我是一个朋友，我必须学会耐心和宽容。

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(1)have mercy on... at the mercy of... show mercy to... without mercy It's a mercy that... (2)merciful adj. be merciful to... 对……表示怜悯任由……的摆布可怜，对……表示同情无情地，毫不留情地真是幸运…… 仁慈的，幸运的对……仁慈 ①He turned his back to his wife without mercy. 他无情地背弃了他的妻子。

②Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives.Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.一些人生来就相信他们能掌控自己的生活，另一些人则觉得他们受命运的摆布。

③She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble. 她是个善良的女士，经常对陷入困境的人表示同情。

④You need to be merciful(mercy)to your brother.He is just seven years old. 你要对你弟弟仁慈一点，他才七岁。

(教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding... 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下……

[要点提炼] 本句是个复合句。句中when asked是when引导的时间状语从句的省略句，补充完整为：When they are asked，...。

在从属连词(when，while，once等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略。 ①While in college，he lived a simple life. 在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。(从句可补充完整为While he was in college，...)

②Even though invited，he will not go there.

即使受到邀请，他也不去那儿。(从句可补充完整为Even though he is invited，...)

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③(2018·江苏高考·完形填空 )When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.

当离开家的时候，Raynor和Moth刚好在银行有320英镑。 ④He stood up as if to say(say) something. 他站起来好像要说些什么。

(教材P18)We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings. 我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。

[要点提炼] while在句中作并列连词，连接两个分句，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。

while作从属连词的用法： (1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”； (2)引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although/though； (3)引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 ①While there is life，there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

②We must strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

③(2018·浙江高考· 阅读理解B)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

虽然塑料袋看起来很难看，但它们在今天的垃圾中只占很小的比例。 (教材P19)At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.

开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。

[要点提炼] 本句是but连接的并列句。but后的having their pictures taken是have sth.done结构。

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have sb. do sth. have sb. doing sth. 使/让某人做某事使某人一直做某事 (强调动作的持续性；用在否定句中表示不允许、不容忍某人做某事) ①You have had your hair cut! 你理发了！

②He had his leg broken when climbing. 爬山时，他的腿摔断了。 ③She had her bag stolen(steal)．她的包被偷了。

④The teacher can't have his students arriving(arrive) late all the time. 老师不允许他的学生总是迟到。

1．(教材P18)Though they get along well，there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert.

[分析] 该句为主从复合句，though引导让步状语从句，主句中that引导定语从句，修饰things。

[翻译] 尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。

2．(教材P19)When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while others choose things like security and comfort.

[分析] 该句为主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句，what又在此从句中引导宾语从句；主句为由while连接的并列句。

[翻译] 在判断什么是生活中最重要的东西时，一些人选择钱而另一些人选择安全和舒适等。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time. 2．The quick recovery was truly in response(respond)to medication. 3．He says what he thinks，regardless of other people's feelings. www.ks5u.com 版权所有@高考资源网

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4．I am going to join in what really interests me without hesitation(hesitate)． 5．A cake is made，and candles are put on top based(base)on how old the person is. 6．Once you start the car，you must drive cautiously(cautious)to keep off any traffic accidents.

7．It was a great success—thanks to a lot of hard work.

8．I believe that an active attitude towards/to life is important and we should fill our life with happiness and sunshine.

9．British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words. 10．On the present base and looking forward to the future，he decides to be committed to steel industry. Ⅱ.读后续写

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A Vacation with My Mother

I had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprises and amusements，all because of my mother—loving，sweet，yet absent-minded and forgetful．One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her. My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota，and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached，David，my eight-year-old brother，and I unwillingly said good-bye to all of our friends.Who knew if we'd ever see them again？Finally，the moment of our departure arrived，and we loaded suitcases，books，games，camping equipment，and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten. David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept：“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go，and I'll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.”I had terrible pictures in my mind：“Honey，where are the kids？”“What？！Oh，Gosh...I thought they were being awfully quiet.”We were never actually left behind in a strange city，but we weren't about to take any chances.

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On the fourth or fifth night，we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time，Mom suddenly got a great idea：Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there？David and I became nervous.To our great relief，Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections(反对)．If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep，Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1：

The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Paragraph 2：

We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. [参考范文] Paragraph 1：

The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.Mom suggested—again—that we should put it up somewhere beautiful so as to experience a memorable trip．At last，Dad agreed.However，David and I were still worried about it.Then Dad spent about half an hour persuading us and of course he succeeded.At 2 p．m.，we found a perfect place for camping．We took out the tent from our car，and put it up together，which gave us a sense of achievement.As a matter of fact，the idea that Mom came up with turned out to be wonderful and unforgettable.

Paragraph 2：

We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.For

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example，there is a beautiful lake in a state.Its water is clear and calm.David and I couldn't wait to swim in it.After swimming，we asked Dad to teach us fishing.To our surprise，we two brothers caught a lot of fish for the first time，which is beyond our expectation！Dad roasted them all，which were extremely delicious.Then，Mom looked back on her childhood when she went camping with her parents，which made David and I even doubt that sometimes she was not forgetful．Eventually，we visited my two sets of grandparents，and we'll never forget the interesting details in the trip.

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同步译林英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 1 Section Language poi.doc 将本文的Word文档下载到电脑

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