TEM-4写作讲解 - 图文

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TEM-4 Writing

逻辑关系。 C.词汇

(1)一些带文化内涵的词汇不容忽视和乱用,e.g. dragon (2)词汇的记忆和使用要与语境结合e.g.汉语说“救火”,英语认为这样说是不可思议的,英语应当

是“灭火”,“与火斗”,因此是“fight fires”; 同样,“黄色”在汉语中可以指“淫秽”,故有“黄色书刊”,“黄色录像”的说法。而在英语中,“yellow”则无这样的伴随意义。 英文中“blue”倒是伴有这样的文化内涵。

由此可见,写作绝不是简单的语法,句子,词汇的运用,也不是简单的框架结构和段落安排,而是一种交织着浓厚的社会,文化观念的语言思维运动。因此,掌握一定的写作技巧,从跨文化交际的角度掌握英汉两种写作模式的差异,培养英语思维习惯,对提高英文TEM-4写作水平是十分必要的。

二.掌握TEM-4 文章的写作顺序

第一步:审题,确定立场,列出理由 (3-5 分钟)

1.明确文章的主题和写作目的,确定文章的内容和写作范围

2.只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由,防止遗忘(可采用主题式提纲)。 注意事项:

1.确定采用的文体:记叙文,描写文,说明文还是议论文 2.避免两个极端:第一个是用时太少。第二是用时太多。 第二步:正文写作 (22-27分钟)

1.段落的写作应给以不同的重视:主题句的写作应给予最大的重视,要注意炼句。

2.考前将文章开头,像例证,让步等句型背熟练,并在练习和模拟时把他们背熟。不要试图在考场上

再去决定哪种开头好,怎样结尾。要使用自己选中的套路。

3.被告知还有5分钟结束时,一般应写到最后一条理由,或者已经做结尾了。 4.要确定文章有结尾段,不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性。 第三步:检查 (1-3 分钟) 检查包括四个方面:

1.句法,要确保每句话都是完整的,有谓语,且简单句只有一个谓语。

2.时态,文章大部分使用的是一般现在时;第三人称要用单数;使用过去发生的事例时要用过去时。 3.书写及拼写错误,包括大小写错误,拼写错误,主位是否一致,词性等。 4.不要做太大的修改或删掉太多东西,也不要加上一大堆新的东西。

三.避免TEM-4 考生作文常见的错误 1.混淆口语体和书面语的区别

有些考生在写作过程中使用极具口语特色的词语和句式,甚至连标点符号都打上了口语体的印记,

使文章显得十分幼稚和情绪化, 例如,在议论文在中,大量使用 well, why, why not, you know, how to be happy, what do I know, some think, my god? 2.词汇量小,频繁使用一个词 3.卷面潦草 4.表达不清楚

表达不清楚地后果很严重,如果评卷教师无法判断考生的用意,就无法给分。

例如:In this way, animals could keep balance with nature, nor did people with nature. If

the population would keep growth, the species extinction couldn’t also alter. 四.TEM -4 写作词汇的选择 1.关键词的重复

反复出现具有同样语义,同样形式的词汇。用此方法可使话题的焦点更为集中,使读者的注意力不被分散。

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TEM-4 Writing

2.使用泛指词

在实际写作中,过度使用关键词重复会给人一种词汇贫乏,表达单一的感觉。此时, 除可使用人称

代词(he, they, she, etc.)和指示代词(the, this, these, that, those, etc.)外,还可使用泛指词(general word), 如在文章中遇到有关人,事情和地点是,即使用泛指上述概念的词来做替代,英文中有people, person, thing, place, truth, fact, etc.等。 3.用同义词和反义词 4.上义词和下义词

有些词在语义上由类属联系,或表示整体,或表示局部的关系,或表示集合的关系,学生可利用这

种语义关系使一些词相互替代或同时出现。例如:“professional”是“doctor,teacher, lawyer etc.”的上义词,“doctor,teacher, lawyer etc.” 是“professional”的下义词。再如:organs (上义词)—liver, lungs, hearts, kidneys etc (下义词)。

5.词的组合搭配

词的组合搭配是一般的组合关系,而不是一般的组合关系。我们不能孤立地看词项的关系,因为有

些词并非名词,而是动词,形容词和副词,难于放在一起分类。但这些词项倾向于在同一个语境出现,具有语篇衔接力。例如词组搭配表结果关系,即一个词项的出现是另一个词项语义上的结果,具有一定的因果关系。如 “kill”会导致“death”, “heavy rain”会导致“flood”,有了“question”就必然有“answer” . 练习:

比较以下各组句中的选词,分析他们中的哪一个更适合于英语专业四级考试中常见的议论文或说明文体。 (一)

A. Her answer was short but accurate.

B. Her answer was short but hit the nail on the head. (二)

A. The boy looked at the stranger in an angry way. B. The boy angrily stared at the stranger.

五.TEM -4 写作造句

英语专业四级作文所考查的首先是考生的语言表达能力,然后是谋篇布局的写作技巧,最后是思想观点的阐述。因此,英语专业四级作文主要是考查考生是否具有能通过正确,熟练,地道的遣词造句表达自己思想的能力。 1.语法正确

由于考生在写作时的随意性比较大,所以无意识中会出现语法错误,例如: ① Every man, woman, and child were asked to go to this evening party. ② I left the classroom after the lecture was finished.

③ He looked out and saw a young lady coming through the window. ④ It’s high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.

⑤ There has been more and more road accidents happened in recent years. 为了更好地掌握语法,下面列举一些英文写作中场出现的基本句型和表达方式: ① 条件句的表达

To be a good teacher, you should? If you want your dream to come true? Only by taking measures can men?

② 原因的表达方式(because, since, for, seeing(that),considering that, now that, in that, etc) Seeing that he is ill?

Computer is very useful in that

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TEM-4 Writing

Now that I am well again? ③ 比较的表达方式

Some computers can work 500,000 times as fast as human being. I prefer bike to car.

④ 否定的表达 (but, except, without, lack, fail, rather, than, etc.) It is never too old to learn. I fail to persuade him. ⑤ 独立结构的表达方式 To our relief, ? All things consider? As is well known,?

2.结构意义完整

① Many people in our country prefer riding bike to go to work. Because it is cheaper and convenient.

② He loves the dog better than his brother.

③ However, too many examinations probably make us very tired and nervous, and waste our time and useless at all.

3.句型的多样性

句型多样化指在语法正确,结构完整的前提下,根据句意使句式富有变化,重点突出,以增加文章的“闪光点”。下面是几种常见的变换句型的方式:

① 运用从属连词(after, because, if, although, so that, etc.) e.g The thief disguised himself. No one would recognize him. ?

② 运用分词,不定式短语,介词短语和副词等,置于句首,使句子多样化

e.g. He saw an old woman get on the bus, he quickly stood up to offer her the seat. ->

③ 运用同位语形式

e.g. My desire to go abroad will soon become a reality. It has been a dream all of my life. ->

④ 使用强调句,倒装句

e.g. It must be made use of properly, then it can produce good effects. ->

4.用英语思维,锻造地道的句子

① For example, you work in a big factory. ->

② He will get a higher salary to improve his living level. ->

③ Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things. ->

④ They like an active life but not a peaceful life. ->

⑤ They cannot think clearly ->

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TEM-4 Writing

⑥ Parents always think that children will get a good job and earn a lot of money. ->

⑦ In order to suit the needs of entering into work, students must grasp some technical skills. ->

六.掌握TEM-4 作文的写作模式

1.比较选择类作文 这是TEM-4的常考文体类型。其目标非常明确,要求考生对两个事物或做法进行利弊优缺点的比较,并说明选择的倾向。我们可以把比较选择类的问题进一步细化成三种类: (1)比较两种事物的优缺点并表明倾向 (2)比较两种做法的利弊并表明倾向 (3)对一个事物或做法的利弊说明 (1)比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向 1)典型题眼

① Television as a Better Source of Entertainment ② A balanced Diet: A Better Way to Stay Healthy

③ Is a big University Superior to a Small University?

④ Which School do You Prefer: A Boarding School or a Day School? ⑤ Home Education Outweighs Oversea Education for Young Children. 变通形式:1. Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (2004 TEM-4 作文题)

变通形式:2. The Difference of My College Life and My Middle School Life(1996 TEM-4 命题作文)

2)结构模板(point to point)(alternative )

特别声明:此题型强调在比较A和B若干不同点之后做出选择,主要段落发展模式为:Point by point. 第一段:引言段,用现象或事实引出要比较的A和B的上义词C, 说明A和B是C的两个重要选择,用一句话明确表明自己观点或倾向。 第二段:第一句话承接首段观点,引出下文的发展模式(列举) A优点之一(1句),用拓展句加以说明(2-3句);转折关联词说明B相应得缺点(1句),并用拓展句加以说明(2句)。 A优点之二 (1句),用拓展句加以说明(2-3句);转折句说明B缺点(1句),并用拓展句加以说明(2句)。 第三段:结论 3) 可变通的语言模板 ① ____(引题)Between the two (AB的上义词)_____A, and B, I hold that A is a better ____(e.g. choice, means, way, access) My belief (statement, view, point of view) that A is a better ? is based on the following reasons. The first reason is that A can (A enables us to do)____ (拓展句加以说明2句)。While B can only____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。 The second reason is that A can ____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。But (Nevertheless, However) B can only ____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。 For the reasons mentioned above, we can easily draw the conclusion that A (观- 8 -


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