loading《英语语言学》练习测试题及参考答案 本科
I. Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:
1. One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she
has never heard before. This property of language is called ________. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness Key: B
2. The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere
or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas. A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative Key: A
3. From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated
of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. A. affective B. associative C. stylistic D. collocative Key: A
4. When –ing in ‘gangling’ is removed to get a verb ‘gangle’, we call this way of creating words
________. A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key: B
5. ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.
A. Degradation B. Specialization C. Elevation D. Extension Key: C
6. As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his
ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______. A. idiolect B. regional dialect C. temporal dialect D. social dialect Key: A
7. When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are
collectively known as ________. A. intonation B. tone C. phoneme D. sentence stress Key: A
8. _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.
A. Addition of sound B. Loss of sound C. Metathesis D. Assimilation Key: D
9. Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and
Korean are two languages in the ______ family. A. Indo-European B. Sino-Tibetan C. Hamito-Semitic D. Malayo-Polynesian Key: B
10. A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.
A. morpheme B. phoneme C. grapheme D. letter Key: C
11. All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words
which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________. A. hyponyms B. compounds C. blends D. allomorphs Key: B
12. The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific
syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.
A. concord B. government C. recursiveness D. cohesion Key: A
13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called
_____.
A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. compounding Key: A
14. The distinction of ‘linguistic potential’ and ‘actual linguistic behavior’ is proposed by _______.
A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. J. Austin
Key: C
15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.
A. denotative B. connotative C. collective D. stylistic
Key: A
16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with
addressee relationship—continually categorized as “______”.
A. tenor of discourse B. mode of discourse C. field of discourse D. idiolect Key: A
17. According to words’ structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.
A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative
Key: D
18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance. A. Minimal pairs B. Illocutionary acts C. Social dialects D. Adjacency pairs Key: D
19. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labeled as ________. A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: B
20. The words “encore” and “au pair ” are loanwords from _______. A. French B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A
21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.
a. N. Chomsky b. F. de Saussure c. M. A. Halliday d. J. Austin Key: b
22. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language
a. native English words b. borrowed words c. echoic words d. one-syllable words Key: c
23. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]
a. voiceless b. oral c. alveolar d. lateral Key: d
24. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.
a. dental b. alveolar c. palatal d. labiodental Key: d 25. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________. a. affricates b. fricatives c. bilabial d. oral stops Key: d
26. Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct
a. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme
b. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.
c. Allophones distinguish meaning. d. Allophones are language specific. Key: c
27. Which of the following words is not a free morpheme
a. able b. pet c. change d. dusty
Key: d
28. How many morphemes are there in the word discharged
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 Key: b
29. Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only
a. happiness b. television c. ecology d. teacher Key: c
30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct.
This property of language is called_____. a. interchangeability b. productivity c. cultural transmission d. arbitrariness Key: c
31. The famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______. A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language C. the universality of language
D. the big difference between human language and animal communication Key: A
32. Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English. A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk Key: A
33. The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”. A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical Key: B
34. It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.
A. Case Condition B. Case Parameter C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent Parameter Key: C
35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence Key: D
36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.
A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives Key: A
37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B
38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term. A. title+first name B. title+title C. title alone D. first name+last name+title Key: C
39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_______”.
A. vocal thought B. subvocal thought C. covert thought D. overt thought Key: D
40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.
B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. Key: A
41. The words “kowtow” and “tea ” are loanwords from _______. A. Chinese B. German C. Italian D. Spanish Key: A
42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative Key: B
43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.
A. blending B. clipping C. acronymy D. compounding Key: A
44. According to words’ structures, Latin is a typical ______ language. A. isolating B. fusional C. analytic D. agglutinative Key: B
45. The relation between “animal” and “lamb” is labeled as ________. A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C
46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness Key: D
47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer. A. phatic B. directive C. evocative D. performative Key: A
48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.
A. associative B. affective C. stylistic D. collocative Key: D
49. When –or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________. A. suffixation B. back-formation C. blending D. acronymy Key:
50. The relation between “rose” and “flower” is labeled as ________. A. gradability B. complementarity C. hyponymy D. homonymy Key: C
51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. arbitrariness Key: C
52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function. A. directive B. informative C. interrogative D. expressive 53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study. A. diachronic B. synchronic C. descriptive D. prescriptive Key: B
54. The distinction between “competence” and “performance” was made by______ .
A. N. Chomsky B. F. de Saussure C. M. A. Halliday D. L. Bloomfield Key: A
55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as
_______ ones.
A. dental B. bilabial C. velar D. alveolar Key: D
56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “internationalism” should be regarded as a ___________ .
A. root B. stem C. prefix D. suffix
Key: B
57. Words such as “telex” and “workfare” are created through ___________. A. affixation B. compounding C. conversion D. blending Key: D
58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as “John is a student.” belongs to
__________construction.
A. endocentric B. exocentric C. coordinate D. subordinate Key: B
59. The sense relationship between “male” and “female” is _________.
A. complementarity B. gradability C. relational opposites D. hyponymy Key: A
60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning. A. sentence B. lexical C. grammatical D. utterance Key: B
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence. T/F Key: T
2. It doesn’t make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to. T/F Key: F
3. A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it. T/F Key: T
4. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world. T/F Key: F
5. In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations. T/F Key: T
6. The use of the term ‘implicature’ is different from ‘implication’ in that it usually indicates a rather narrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions. T/F Key: F
7. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group. T/F Key: F
8. Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for. T/F Key: T
9. In order to understand how conversational principles work, we may consider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication. T/F Key: T
10. Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to make