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第一部分：对于长难句课程难点重点的回顾 非简单句的障碍来源：
非简单句:﹛S1，S2，S3，S4,?Sn﹜ 如何拆分和组合句子 非简单句的障碍解决方案 一．关联词和主句专一原则 关联词:
1. 关系代词：that, who,whom,which,what,as,whose, 2. 关系连词：if, whether,when,where, 3. 标点符号： , ----; 4. 并列连词：and，or 主句专一原则:
1. 一个句子只能有一个主句，主句中没有关联词。 2. 一个句子中有n个分句，则只有n-1个关联词。 例证：
句子之间的关联方式 u 1.并列
l 并列联词的用法
例1..Itis alittle upsettingto read that acertainline describesafight betweenaTurkishanda Bulgarianofficerandto find that the line consistsofthe noiseoftheir falling andthe weightsof theofficers,%u 2.主从复合（嵌套） 主从复合句的分类： 三大从句： 名词性从句：
主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 形容词性从句： 定语从句 副词性从句： 状语从句
常见的关联词：
法硕联盟论坛www.fashuounion.com祝您考研成功！ -2-名词性从句：关系代词：what，who，whom，which, 关系连词：that,when,where,how, 形容词性从句：见定语从句 副词性从句：见后表格； 名词性从句的分类讲解：
状语从句种类 常用连接词 特殊连接词 时间状语从句 When,while, as,before, since,till, until,assoon as
1.一些时间名词：themoment,theinstant,the
minute,theday,nexttime,everytime
2.一些副词：instantly,immediately,directly 3.固定搭配的连词：nosooner---than, hardly---when,scarcely---when.
地点状语从句 Where Wherever,anywhere,everywhere 原因状语从句 Because,as, for,since
Seeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,given that,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas 目的状语从句 Sothat,in orderthat, that
Lest,forfearthat,incase,inthehopethat, onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheend that
结果状语从句 So---that,so that,
such---that
Suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat, tosucha degreethat,tosuchanextentthat
条件状语从句 If,unless Suppose,supposing,providing,provided(特别关 注：supposed,provide不用作条件从句的连词）on conditionthat,solongas,aslongas 让步状语从句 Although, though,even though,evenif
While(一般用在句首),as(用于倒装结 构),whatever,whoever,whichever,however, whenever,wherever,whether---or---,asadj. as+主谓结构用在句首
比较状语从句 As,than Themore---,themore---;justas---,so---; A istoB what/asC istoD;nomore--than; notA somuchasB/notsomuchA asB 方式状语从句 as,theway 主语从句：
结构识别：(1).关系连词+句子+动词
(2).It+be动词+形容词/名词短语+关系连词+句子 (3).It+不及物动词+that
例子：1.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears. 2.Thattheplatesaremovingisnotbeyonddispute.
3.Whathappenedonthe GuangMingDingwillbeforeveretchedinzhangwuji’smemory. 4.Itis generally agreed that a personofhighintelligence is onewhocan graspideas 法硕联盟，在读学长答疑，2011年北大及人大法律硕士状元均为本站会员！ -3-readily, makedistinctions,reason logically, andmakeuseofverbaland mathematical
symbolinsolvingproblems.
人们普遍认为，高智商的人有这样一些特点：理解力强，辨别力强，逻辑推理能力 强，并且在解决问题的过程中善于利用文字或数学符号。 Itisclearthat?显然； itispossiblethat?很可能? Itislikely that?很可能； itisnaturalthat?很自然?
Itiscertainthat?可以相信； itisstrangethat?奇怪的是?
Itisfortunatethat?幸运的是； itisnecessarythat?有必要的是?
5.Itis obviousthat amajorityofthe president’sadvisersstilldon’t take globalwarming seriously.
6.Itis atruth universallyacknowledgedthat asinglemanin possessionofagoodfortune mustbeinwantofawife.(PrideandPrejudice) Itisapitythat?可惜的是? Itisafactthat?
Itisagoodnewsthat ??真是太好了Itisagoodthing that??真是件好事 Itisnowonderthat?难怪? It is ashamethat?遗憾的是?/?真是太不 像话了
Itisanhonorthat?真荣幸? Itiscommonknowledge?是常识 Itismybeliefthat?我相信? Itisamiraclethat??真是奇迹
It is an established fact that factory workersworkbetter , harder, and have fewer accidentswhentheir machinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey. , 如果把工厂里的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰色，工人就 会干的更勤奋，更出色，事故也会更少。
7.It seemed that Canadawasonce morefalling in step withthe trend toward smaller families that occurredthrough all the Westernworldsince the time ofthe Industrial Revolution.
Itseemsthat?似乎， Itfollowsthat?因此 Ithappensthat?碰巧，Itturnsoutthat?结果,
8.Itis criticalthat ournationandthe worldbaseimportant policiesonthe bestjudgments thatsciencecanprovideconcerningthe futureconsequencesofpresentactions. 宾语从句 结构识别：（1）动词+关联词+句子 （2）动词+宾语1+关联词+句子 （3）介词+关联词+句子
（4）动词+it形式宾语+宾补+关联词+句子
例子：1.Ihavelearned thatlove,nottime,healsallwounds.
2.XiaoguaishouassuredOatmanthathehadnointentionofoffendinghim.
3.\ notin howwellitcancontrolexpressionbutin whetherit givesfreedom ofthought and expressionthe widestpossiblelatitude, howeverdisputableorirritating the results may 法硕联盟论坛www.fashuounion.com祝您考研成功！ -4-sometimesbe.”
他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏写道：“对于任何民主社会的检验不在于它能多有 效的控制言论的自由表达，而在于它能否最大限度的赋予思想自由和表达自由，尽 管其结果有时可能会非常有争议和令人不悦。
4.wemustmakeit clear that the partiesinvolved are to makeeveryeffortto curb the
pollution.
我们必须强调清楚，有关方面应该尽一切努力来治理污染。 表语从句 结构的识别：
系动词+关联词+句子
例子：Thereasonformyreturnis Ileftmykeysbehind.(because/that) 同位语从句 结构识别： 名词+that+句子
名词+定语+that+句子 名词+谓语+that+句子 例子：
1. I havebeenleft withthe knowledgethat it’s betterto expect nothingthan to give everythingandthenbedisappointed
我从中懂得了，不抱任何希望比付出努力却最终失望要好。
2. ThestatementbytheOneEarthathedidnotkillPikachuwasrejectedbytheblackcat sergeant.
3. Concerns(evidence) wereraisedthattheOneearistherealmurder. 层次化句子阅读方法
u 1.层次化结构的表示形式
例子：1.However,for manyyears,physiciststhought that atomsand moleculesalways were muchmorelikely to emitlight spontaneouslyandthat stimulatedemissionthus alwayswouldbe muchweaker.
3. Thehistoryofclinicalnutritionorthe studyofthe relationship betweenhealthandhowthe bodytakes in andutilizesfood substances, can bedividedinto four distincteras: the first beganin the nineteenthcenturyandextendedinto the earlytwentieth centurywhenit was recognized for the first time that food containedconstituentsthat wereessentialfor human functionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsofthese essentialagents. 法硕联盟，在读学长答疑，2011年北大及人大法律硕士状元均为本站会员！ -5-非正常语序： 非正常语序之倒装句 倒装句的分析方法 倒装句的定义： 倒装句的分类: 倒装句的处理流程: 部分倒装：
1. 部分倒装的定义：
2. 部分倒装的识别和还原： 完全倒装：
1.完全倒装定义：
2.完全倒装的存在环境:
2.1能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份 u
3.完全倒装的判断流程