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非谓语动词概述（精简版）
一、基础概念理解 1.谓语动词
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”等，如： I bought this book two days ago.
I felt tired after so much time of hard work. 2.非谓语动词 （1）定义：
在句子中充当除谓语之外的句子成分的动词形式为非谓语动词，如： The novels written by Lu Xun are not easy to understand. （2）句法功能： a.主 语：
Being exposed to sunlight for too much time causes harm to one’s health. b.宾 语：
My grandpa enjoyed going fishing with me when I was young. c.表 语：
Seeing is believing. d.补 语：
Measures should be taken to have our living and working conditions improved. e.定 语：
The Town Hall built in the 1800s attracts people all over the world every year. f.状 语：
The great earthquake struck the area, leaving hundreds of thousands of people died or injured. 二、非谓语动词常考形式
非谓语动词形式 doing done to do to be done being done having done having been done ● 速效演练
用所给词的适当形式填空：
1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, __________（think）that all children like these things. 2. The British are proud of the 30th Olympic Games ___________（hold）in London in 2012. 3. Don’t stand there ____________（do）nothing. Come and help me with this table. 4. With the guide ____________（lead）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night. 5. I’m sorry to have kept you _____________（wait）for a long time.
基本含义 句法功能
6. Mr. Green happened to not be at home when I wait to call on him yesterday. 三、分词作状语
分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、让步、条件、伴随或方式等。 1.表时间，如：
When asked why he was late, he went red. 2.表条件，如：
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 3.表原因，如：
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 4.表示伴随、方式，如：
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 5.表让步，如：
Having been bitten twice by the dog, the little boy was afraid to go out alone. ● 分词状语
分词形式 doing done having done having being done 例 句 Walking in the field, he could sense the warmth of early spring. Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. Having finished their homework, the students went out to play. 用法要点 Having been told many times, the workers were able to run the newly bought machine. ● 分词作状语的基本原则
1. 分词作时间、原因、让步、条件状语时的标准结构：
2. 分词作状语的基本原则
（1）分词的逻辑主语与主句主语____________________； （2）分词与主句主语___________________________； （3）分词状语与主句之间______________； （4）分词作状语的否定形式_____________________。 （5）with复合结构
三、非谓语动词解题方法