loadingWhen Zheng He was born, he was named Ma He. He was born in Yunnan in 1371. His father and grandfather were Muslim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty. However, when the Ming Dynasty was established , the army caught Ma He and took him to one of the Emperor’s sons, Prince Zhu Di. Ma He served the prince well and soon became one of the prince’s closest advisors. The prince trusted him and changed his name to Zheng He. Later the prince became the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor.
The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries the greatness and power of the Ming Dynasty. He also wanted to establish trade relations with other peoples of the world. He made Zheng He the leader of a fleet (舰队) and ordered him to explore (探索) the world. In Zheng He’s first trip, he traveled all the way to Calicut, India. With over 200 ships and nearly 28,000 men, he visited many countries along the way. His first trip lasted from 1405 to 1407. Zheng He and his fleet traded and made close relations at the places they visited.
答案：
一． 1.The meeting began only 5 minutes ago. 主语 谓语 状语
2.Something is falling down from the building. It is too dangerous. 主语 谓语 状语 主语 系动词 表语 3.Betty has worked hard since last term. 主语 谓语 状语 状语
4.Wow! You have cooked delicious dinner for us! 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
5.Some of my classmates had an English play at the art festival two days ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 6.Simon entered a writing competition last week and is waiting for the result now. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 并列谓语 宾语 状语 7.I was watching my favorite TV programme in my bedroom around 10 o’clock 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 last night. 8 .I will lend you the story book as soon as possible. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
9.Over 100 countries and organizations have given us warm support 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 since 2018. 状语
10. We called them the Winter Olympics. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
11.You can make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
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12.With time going by, I was made smaller. 状语 主语 谓语 主补
13.Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 14.Our teacher often tells us not to waste time. 主语 状语 谓语 宾语 宾补
15. I saw Mr. Smith working in the office at ten yesterday morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 地点状语 时间状语
16.For more than once, we are asked to develop the habit of keeping a diary 状语 主语 谓语 主补 by our head teacher. 状语
17. He often made his little sister cry, but today he was made
主语 状语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 谓语 to cry by her. 主补 状语
18.Shared bikes have become quite popular among big cities in China since last April. 主语 系动词 表语 地点状语 时间状语 19.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语
20.In the past few years there have been great changes in my hometown. 状语 There be 句型 主语 状语
二． 1． … he was named Ma He.
主语 谓语 主补
2. His father and grandfather were Muslim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty. 主语 系动词 表语
3. … the army caught Ma He and took him to one of the Emperor’s sons, 主语 谓语 宾语 并列谓语 宾语 状语
Prince Zhu Di. 同位语
4. Ma He served the prince well and soon became one of the prince’s 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 状语 系动词 表语 closest advisors. 5. Later the prince became the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor 状语 主语 系动词 表语 状语 6.The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries 主语 谓语 间接宾语
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the greatness and power of the Ming Dynasty. 直接宾语
7. He made Zheng He the leader of a fleet (舰队) and ordered 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 并列谓语 him to explore (探索) the world. 宾语 宾补
8．With over 200 ships and nearly 28,000 men, he visited many countries along the way. 状语 主语 谓语 宾语
Unit 1
名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。
一．名词短语: 指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通
常是由名词及其修饰语构成。 （一）名词短语的组成 1.前置定语+名词 作前置定语的主要有：限定词、名词所有格、数词、形容词、名词、单个的分词或动名词等。 注意：限定词包括： 冠词 （a / an / the )、指 示代词 （this、that、these、those等 ）、 物主代词 （my 、your、his、her、our、their 等 ）和不定 代词（some、 no 、neither、 both 等 ） What is your sister’s favorite color? 你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？ The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low price. 网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。 Our school has fifty-six women teachers. 我们学校有56个女教师。 Mom, please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad. 妈妈，请给我两个西红柿，我想做蔬菜沙拉。 The sleeping child is his son. 正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子. The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground. 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。 He went to the swimming pool.他去游泳池了. 2.名词+ 后置定语 作后置定语的主要Here are two nice photos of my family. 有：介词短语、分词、这儿有两张我家的好看的相片。 As we all know, Mountain Tai is the pride of Shandong. 不定式等。 众所周知，泰山是山东的骄傲。 If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a map of the city. 8
如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。 There are some boys playing basketball over there. 有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。 Do you know the man talking to Tom? 你认识正在和汤姆谈话的那个人吗？ The problem discussed yesterday has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 Nowadays some products made in China are both good and cheap. 现在很多中国制造的产品质量好且便宜。 The man to give us a talk next week is a scientist.下周要给我们作报告的人是个科学家。 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the prize in science. 屠呦呦是第一个获得科学奖的中国人。 （二）名词短语的功能
名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。 1.作主语 The broken glass may cut into your hand if you touch it. 如果你触摸它，坏了的玻璃杯可能会划伤你的手。 ----The best season to come to Yichang is spring. 到宜昌的最佳季节是春季。 ----I think so. The green water and green mountains are unforgettable 我也是这样看的。青山绿水令人难忘。 The houses built last year are for the teachers. 去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。 I’d like tomato noodles for breakfast. 早餐我想要西红柿面条。 Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家长会，因为她太忙了。 Do you have this T-shirt in a small size? 你有小号的这款T恤吗？ 3.作表语 Excuse me! Is this Lucy and Lily’s new house? 打扰一下，这是露西和莉莉的新房子吗？ He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie. 这就是做这种美味甜饼的方法。 2.作宾语 4.作宾语补足语 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。 More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture. 越来越多的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 二．形容词短语
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语构成。
（一） 形容词短语的组成 1.副词+形容词 注意：enoughThe little boy is very clever. 这个小男孩很聪明。 My deskmate is really active. 我的同桌真的是很活泼。 I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。 9
修饰形容词，放在所修饰的形She feels quite happy. 她感到很开心。 Tom is much more friendly and he has more friends. 容词之后。 汤姆（对人）更友好，他有更多的朋友。 This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。 This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。 You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。 His face was white with anger. 他的脸气得发白。 The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。 He is eager to see his parents. 他急切地想见到父母。 2. 形容词+ 介词短语 3. 形容词+ 不定式短语 （二）形容词短语的功能 形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。 1. 作定语 My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions. 我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。 Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。 The sweater is too expensive，and I don’t have enough money to buy it. 那件毛衣太贵了，我没有足够的钱买。 Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends. 罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。 He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing! 他什么都干不了，一点也没用。 Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。 I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。 Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it. 出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒子，想看看里面是什么。
2. 作表语 3. 作宾语 补足语 4. 作状语 三．副词短语
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词
及其修饰语构成。
（一） 副词短语的组成
副词+副词 注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly? 你说得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？ You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我能听懂。 修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前；enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之后。 10