(总稿)2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一单元同步语法讲练

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(总稿)2019人教版高一英语新教材必修一单元同步语法讲练 前言:

语法是英语教学中很重要的一部分,尽管很多人主张“淡化语法教学”,但是,语法知识渗透在阅读、写作等各个方面,是学英语过程中绕不过去的一个坎儿。如果把英语看成一棵大树,词汇是枝叶,语法则是树干,是一颗枝繁叶茂的大树的根基。一般来说,语法掌握不好的同学可能会达到120分,但是很难达到130分以上,因此,只有扎实掌握语法知识,才能达到很高的水平。但是,一提到语法,就会觉得语法是最麻烦的,零散杂乱,不好记,不会用。其实,只要把语法用法梳理归类,使其条理化、系统化,就很容易学习和掌握了。本“单元同步语法讲练”具有以下特点: 1.语法讲解思路清晰、知识条理、系统完整。(便于学生理解和掌握) 2.训练题目具有科学性、灵活性、典型性和针对性。(便于学生巩固和运用) 3.教师直接用作教案,学生直接用作学案。

目录:

Welcome Unit 句子结构

Unit 1 名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语 Unit 2 现在进行时表示将来 Unit 3 附加疑问句

Unit 4 定语从句(一)--- 关系代词的用法 Unit 5 定语从句(二)--- 关系副词的用法

Welcome Unit

句子结构

一. 句子成分

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分主要有八种,分别是:主语、谓语、宾语、补足语(主补和宾补)、表语、定语、状语以及同位语。 1.主语 表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,是动作的执行者,置于句首。 名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、从句 The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。 We will go out to pick apples. 我们要出去摘苹果。 Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。 12 divided by 3 is 4. 12除以3等于4. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身体好。 When the exchange students will come to our school is not known. 我们学校的交换生何时来还不知道。 Her grandfather bought a car in 2017. 2017年他爷爷买了一辆小汽车。 We can communicate with others by Wechat. 我们可以通过微信和别人交流。 I will call on you tomorrow morning. 明天早上我要去拜访你。 1

2.谓语 说明或描述主语动词或的动作、状态或特动词短征,位于主语之语 后。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。 3.宾语 指动作所涉及的人或物,是动作的承受者 ,位于及物动词或介词之后。 名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句 She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。 She often helps me . 她经常帮助我。 Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗? They want to learn more about Chinese culture. 他们想学习更多的中国文化。 Could you tell me how I can join the WeChat group? 你能告诉我如何加入微信群吗? We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。 You must keep the classroom clean. 你应保持教室清洁。 We found a cat lying under the chair. 我们发现有一只猫躺在那把椅子下面。 I got my car repaired yesterday. 我昨天找人修了车。 They encouraged me to try again.他们鼓励我再尝试。 He is called Tom for short.(主补)他被简称为汤姆。 The classroom must be kept clean.(主补) 教室须被保持干净。 “The Reader” is a popular TV programme. 《阅读者》是一个人们喜欢的电视节目。 In spring, the trees turn green. 春天,树变绿了。 His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。 The question is where we will have a picnic this weekend. 问题是我们周末去哪里野餐。 She is a beautiful girl. 她是个美丽的女孩。 Please give me two tomatoes. I want to make vegetable salad. 请给我两个西红柿,我想做蔬菜沙拉。 The boy under the tree is my classmate. 树下的那个男孩是我的同学。 The boy standing under the tree is my classmate. The boy who is standing under the tree is my classmate. 站在树下的那个男孩是我的同学。 She played the piano wonderfully. 她钢琴弹得很美。 Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。 The girls came in, talking and laughing. 女孩们说着笑着进来了。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. When I began to work, I had no experience. 我开始工作时,没有经验。 We students should study hard. 我们学生应努力学习。 Mr. Smith, our headmaster, came in. 我们的校长,史密斯先生进来了。 The news that our team won the game made us excited.我们队获胜的消息令我们感到兴奋。 2

4.补足语 宾语补足语用来对宾语进行补充和说明,位于宾语之后,说明宾语“是什么”,“ 干什么”,“ 怎么样”;如果变为被动语态,则是主语补足语。 5.表语 表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,位于系动词之后,与系动词一起构成句子的谓语。 对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明。单个词作定语可放在所修饰的词之前,短语或句子放在所修饰的词之后。 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子,多放在所修饰的词之后。 名词、形容词、介词短语,分词、不定式 名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句 形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、分词、不定式、从句 副词、介词短语、分词、不定式、从句 名词或从句 6.定语 7.状语 8.同位语 对前面的名词或代词起补充说明作用。 二.基本句子结构

英语基本句子结构主要有以下几种基本句型: 1.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词) 不及物动词之后不能带宾语,可以带状语,修饰谓语动词,通常放在句末。 The children are listening quietly. 主语 谓语 状语 孩子们在静静地听着。 Robot cooks will appear in our families 主语 谓语 地点状语 in the future. 时间状语 机器人厨师未来将出现在我们的家庭中。 He didn’t like the film. 主语 谓语 宾语 他不喜欢这部电影。 The children are listening to the news quietly. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 孩子们在静静地听新闻。 I talked to my friend on the phone just now. 主语 谓语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语 我刚才在电话上和我的朋友交谈。 He gave me an apple. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 = He gave an apple to me. 他给我一个苹果。 He offered me his seat. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 = He offered his seat to me.他把座位让给我。 Mother cooks us meals every day. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 状语 =Mother cooks meals for us every day. 母亲天天为我们做饭。 Father bought me a book. 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 = Father bought a book for me. 父亲给我买了本书。 We made Tom our monitor. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 我们选汤姆当班长。(=Tom was our monitor.) We are making our school more beautiful. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 我们正把我们的学校变得更美丽。(=Our school is more beautiful.) The man had the light burning all the night. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 这个人让灯亮了一夜。(=The light was burning all the night.) 3

2.主语 + 谓语 + 及物动词之后要宾语 带宾语 不及物动词之后加介词,可以带宾语。 3.主语 + 谓语 +双宾语 及物动词后带两个宾语,一个指人的叫间接宾语,放在前,一个指物的叫直接宾语,放在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。 4.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语补足语用来宾语+ 宾语补足语 说明宾语 “是什么”,“ 干什么”,“ 怎么样”,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主系表关系。 (注意:如果变为被动语态,则是主语补足语。) The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 状语 老板让工人一天工作12个小时。(=The workers worked 12 hours a day.) The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 主语 谓语 主补 状语 工人被迫一天工作12个小时。(=The workers worked 12 hours a day.) 5.主语 + 系动词 常见的系动词有: My grandfather is over 80, + 表语 (1)表状态的:be, 主语 系动词 表语 keep, stay, remainbut he still stays active. 等 主语 系动词 表语 (2)表示“变成”的: 我祖父80多岁了,但他仍然积极向上。 become, get, turn, The days get shorter and shorter. go, grow, come, fall主语 系动词 表语 等 白天变得越来越短了。 (3)表示“似乎,好Tom became a manager but 像”的:appear, 主语 系动词 表语 Jack remained a worker. seem 等 (4)表示“感官”主语 系动词 表语 的: look, sound, 汤姆成了经理,而杰克仍然是一个工人。 smell, He seems unhappy today. taste, feel,等 主语 系动词 表语 状语 (5)表示“结果”他今天似乎不高兴。 的:prove(证明This dog looks funny. 是), turn out(结主语 系动词 表语 果是)等。 这只狗看上去很滑稽。 (注意:连系动词The cakes taste good and I will buy some. 不用被动语态。) 主语 系动词 表语 主语 谓语 宾语 蛋糕尝起来很好,我将买一些。 The theory proved( to be) wrong. 主语 系动词 表语 这个理论证明是错误的。 The weather turned out(to be) fine that day. 主语 系动词 表语 状语 结果那天的天气很好。 6. There be 句型 “There be句型”There is a pen in the box. 表示“某地存在某人或某物”,因此又被称作存在句, 其中there是引导词,没词义,be是谓语动词,有时态变化,there be 谓语 主语 地点状语 盒子里有一只钢笔。 There are not any girls in the room. 谓语 主语 地点状语 房间里没有一些女孩。 There have been many great changes 谓语 主语 4

后的名词是句子的主语。 in our country since then. 地点状语 时间状语 自从那时以来,我国发生了巨大变化。 注意:双宾语、宾补、同位语的区别: 如果是双宾语,则间接宾语和直接宾语都是前面的及物动词的宾语,二者是并列关系,而且去掉直接宾语部分,句意不完整;如果是宾补,宾语与宾补之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主系表关系,而且去掉宾补部分,句意不完整;同位语是对前面的名词或代词起补充说明作用,通常可以用“,”隔开,而且去掉同位语部分,句意仍然完整。例如: He gave me an apple. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 (me和an apple都做gave的宾语,而且去掉an apple,句意不完整) We made Tom our monitor. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 (Tom和our monitor 之间存在着逻辑上的主系表关系,即Tom was our monitor. 而且去掉our monitor,句意不完整) He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 主语 谓语 宾语 同位语 (a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games作Li Yan的同位语,用来解释说明“李岩是谁”,而且去掉a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games,句意仍然完整。) 【巩固训练】

一.读句子,分析结构

1.The meeting began only 5 minutes ago.

2.Something is falling down from the building. It is too dangerous. 3.Betty has worked hard since last term.

4.Wow! You have cooked delicious dinner for us!

5.Some of my classmates had an English play at the art festival two days ago.

6.Simon entered a writing competition last week and is waiting for the result now.

7.I was watching my favorite TV programme in my bedroom around 10 o’clock last night. 8.I will lend you the story book as soon as possible.

9.Over 100 countries and organizations have given us warm support since 2018. 10. We called them the Winter Olympics.

11.You can make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile. 12.As time went by, I was made smaller.

13.Our English teacher wants us to read English stories out of class. 14.Our teacher often tells us not to waste time.

15.I saw Mr. Smith working in the office at ten yesterday morning.

16.For more than once, we are asked to develop the habit of keeping a diary by our head teacher. 17.Though he often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by her.

18.Shared bikes have become quite popular among big cities in China since last April. 19.He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games. 20.In the past few years there have been great changes in my hometown.

二.读短文,分析划线句子的结构

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