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关于局域网中的通信协议中英文对照
About the local area network communication protocol in Chinese and English language compared 一、引言
First, the introduction
要实现网络间的正常通信就必需选择合适的通信协议，有很多人误认为通信协议就是TCP/IP协议，只要网络能正常连通，其它协议没有用，事实上，不同的网络协议都有其存在的必要。
To achieve normal communication between networks is necessary to choose the appropriate communication protocol, there are many people mistakenly believe that the communication protocol is TCP/IP protocol, as long as Internet properly connected, the other agreement is useless, in fact, different network protocol has its existence is necessary.
二、通信协议的分类组建网络时，必须选择一种网络通信协议，使得用户之间能够相互进行“交流”。协议（Protocol）是网络设备用来通信的一套规则，这套规则可以理解为一种彼此都能听得懂的公用语言。关于网络中的协议可以概括为两类：“内部协议”和“外部协议”。 Second, the classification of the communication protocol to form a network, you must select a network communication protocol, allows the user between \to each other. Communication Protocol (Protocol) is a network device used for a set of rules, the rules can be understood as a kind of common language can understand each other. About the network protocol can be summarized as two types: \
1、内部协议1978年，国际标准化组织（ISO）为网络通信制定了一个标准模式，称为OSI/RM（Open System Interconnect/Reference Model，开放系统互联参考模型）体系结构。该结构共分七层，从低到高分别是物理层、数据链路层、网络层、传输层、会话层、表示层和应用层。其中，任何一个网络设备的上下层之间都有其特定的协议形式，同时两个设备（如工作站与服务器）的同层之间也有其使用的协议约定。在这里，将这种上下层之间和同层之间的协议全部定义为“内部协议”。内部协议在组网中一般很少涉及到，它主要提供给网络开发人员使用，如果只是为了组建一个网络，可不去理会内部协议。
1, internal agreement in 1978, the international organization for standardization (ISO) set a standard for network communication Model, called the OSI/RM (Open System
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Interconnect/Reference Model of Open System interconnection) Reference Model architecture. The structure is divided into seven layers, from low to high respectively is the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer. On any network device of the lower form, has its specific agreement between the two devices at the same time, such as workstations and servers between tree also has its use agreement. Here, on the lower level and provided between all the agreement, defined as \agreement\between. Internal agreements rarely involved in the network, it is mostly used for web developers, if only in order to form a network, not to ignore the internal agreement.
2、外部协议外部协议即组网时所必须选择的协议。由于它直接负责计算机之间的相互通信，所以通常称为网络通信协议。自从网络问世以来，有许多公司投入到了通信协议的开发中，如IBM、Banyan、Novell、Microsoft等。每家公司开发的协议，最初都是为了满足自己的网络通信，但随着网络应用的普及，不同网络之间进行互联的要求越来越迫切，因此通信协议就成为解决网络之间互联的关键技术。就像使用不同母语的人与人之间需要一种通用语言才能交谈一样，网络之间的通信也需要一种通用语言，这种通用语言就是通信协议。目前，局域网中常用的外部协议主要有NetBEUI、IPX/SPX及其兼容协议和TCP/IP三类。 2, external protocol external network formation must be selected by agreement. Because it is directly responsible for the computer to communicate with each other, so often referred to as a network communication protocol. Since the advent of Internet, there are many companies in the development of the communication protocol, such as IBM, Banyan, Novell, Microsoft, etc. Each company development agreement, first is to satisfy their own network communication, but with the popularity of network applications, requirements of interconnection between different network has become more and more urgent, so the communication protocol has become the key to solve network interconnection between technologies. Like to use a different mother tongue between people need a common language to talk, network communication between the also need a kind of common language, the language is a communication protocol. At present, the local area network (LAN) that is commonly used in external protocols mainly include NetBEUI, IPX/SPX and its compatible protocol and TCP/IP. 三、选择网络通信协议的原则
Third, choose the principle of network communication protocol
第一、网络结构和功能与所选协议要相一致。如果网络中存在多个网段或要通过路由器
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相连时，就不能使用不具备路由和跨网段操作功能的NetBEUI协议，而必须选择IPX/SPX或TCP/IP等协议。另外，如果网络规模较小，同时只是为了简单的文件和设备的共享，这时关心的主要是网络速度，所以在选择协议时应选择占用内存小和带宽利用率高的协议，如NetBEUI。当网络规模较大，且网络结构复杂时，应选择可管理性和可扩充性较好的协议，如TCP/IP。
First, the network structure and function and the selected protocol should be consistent. If multiple network segments or exist in the network are connected through a router that will not be able to use do not have routing and cross network segment operating function NetBEUI agreement, and must choose the IPX/SPX or TCP/IP protocol. In addition, if the network on a smaller scale, at the same time, just for simple file and equipment sharing, concern mainly the network speed at this moment, so when choosing protocol should choose small memory and bandwidth utilization high protocols, such as NetBEUI. When the network size is bigger, and in the complex network structure, should choose better manageability and scalability protocol, such as TCP/IP.
第二、选择一种通信协议用于一个网络。现实中很多人会选择系统所提供的所有协议，其实这样做是很不可取的。因为每个协议都要占用计算机的内存，选择的协议越多，占用计算机的内存资源就越多。一方面影响了计算机的运行速度，另一方面不利于网络的管理。事实上一个网络中一般一种通信协议就可以满足需要。
Second, choose a communication protocol used in a network. In reality a lot of people will choose all agreement, provided the system actually is not desirable to do so. Since each agreement takes up the computer's memory, option agreement, the more the more you take up computer memory resources. Affect the speed of the computer running on the one hand, on the other hand, is not conducive to the network management. In fact is generally a communication protocol in a network can meet the need.
第三、协议的版本要注意。每个协议都有它的发展和完善过程，因而出现了不同的版本，每个版本的协议都有它最为合适的网络环境。从整体来看，高版本协议的功能和性能要比低版本好。所以在选择时，在满足网络功能要求的前提下，应尽量选择高版本的通信协议。第四、协议的一致性。如果要让两台实现互联的计算机间进行对话，它们两者使用的通信协议必须相同。否则中间还需要一个“翻译”进行不同协议的转换，这样不仅影响通信速度，同时也不利于网络的安全和稳定运行。
Third, version of the protocol should pay attention to. Each protocol has its own development and