初中英语复习一—名词

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初中英语复习一—名词

名词

一.考点

1、 名词的可数与不可数性。

2、 名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。

3、 名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。 4、 物质名词、抽象名词具体化。

二.可数名词和不可数名词

1、可数名词有复数形式,不可数名词一般没有复数形式。

2、普通名词中的个体名词和集体名词一般是可数的,可数名词单数往往要同不定冠词a或an连用,复数则要使用其复数形式。

单数 复数 a country countries a class classes a sheep sheep a tomato tomatoes

3、普通名词中的物质名词和抽象名词及专有名词一般是不可数的,不可数名词不能用不定冠词修饰,也不存在复数形式,如ice (冰),water (水), rice (稻子)等。

4、在英语中个别名词既可以作不可数名词,又可以作可数名词。但由于用法不同,它们的意思往往也不大相同

作不可数名词 作可数名词 glass 玻璃 玻璃杯;镜子;眼镜 paper 纸张 报纸;文件;考卷 time 时间 次数;时代 work 消息 单词;话语

5、一般说来,汉语和英语对某一个名词是否可数的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名词在汉语中常被用作可数名词,而在英语中却绝对是不可数名词,发如:fun ,work ,advice ,weather ,homework ,news ,money ,information ,bread ,hair ,chalk ,furniture 等。

三.可数名词复数形式的构成 1、规则 情况 一般情况 构成方法 在词尾加-s 例词 desk→desks map→maps day→days girl→girls 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus →buses box→boxes watch→watches fish→fishes 第 1 页 共 1 页

初中英语复习一—名词 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为I再加-es family→families factory→factories party→parties day→days boy→boys key→keys knife→knives life→lives wife→wives half→halves potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes radio→radios zoo→zoos photo→photos piano→pianos 以元音字母y结尾的词 在词尾加-s 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es 以o结尾的词(有生命) 以加o结尾的词 (无生命) 在词尾加-es 在词尾加-s 有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时也只加-s。如:handkerchief→handkerchiefs, roof→roofs等。

2、不规则 特殊形式

man→men, woman→women, Frenchman→Frenchmen(英法同盟变a为e), child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese, mouse→mice 单复同形 fish→fish(表示鱼肉,鱼的数量单复同形;但表示种类时复数形式为fishes), trousers(裤子)、chinese、japanese(中日同形用不变)、police(警察)、cattle(牛)、deer(鹿)、sheep(羊)、people(有时可以用复数,表示种族)、means(方式方法)、clothes(衣服)、scissors(剪子)、scales(天平)、glasses(眼镜)

四.名词的所有格

1.名词所有格的构成

名词所有格的构成一般有以下三种情况:

1)如果名词是单数,只在词尾加’s。 the boy’s schoolbag 这男孩的书包 2)复数名词如果以s结尾,只加’(在s的右上角) the teachers’ office 老师们的办公室 3)复数名词如果不以s结尾,则在词尾加’s Women’s Day 妇女节

2.名词所有格的用法

1)表示人成动物与其他的人、动物或事物的所有关系。 例如: He is Mary’s younger brother. 他是玛丽的弟弟。

2)表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词与其他事物的所有关系。

例如: Our school is half an hour’s walk from here. 我们学校离这儿步行有半小时的距离。 3)表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系,一般使用与of构成的短语结构。

例如: The front door of the house was painted red. 那屋子的前门被漆成了红色。 4)名词所有格后面跟地点,往往要将地点名词省略。

例如: My sister often goes to my uncle’s. 我的妹妹经常到我叔叔家去。 5)被名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提出到过,一般可以省略。

例如:Our bedroom is much larger than John and Dick’s. 我们的寝室比约翰和迪克的大得多,

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初中英语复习一—名词

五.可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达

1.两种名词都有能修饰的数量词有:some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of等。

2.用来修饰可数名词的数量词有:many, several. hundreds of, a number of, a pair of, a few, few等。

3.用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有:much, a great deal of, a bit of, a drop of, a piece of, quite a little, little,等。

六、练习

1、写出下列名词的复数形式:

1. house _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________

4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________ 7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________ 10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________ 13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________ 16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________ 19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. wish __________

22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________ 25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________ 28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________ 31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________33. life ___________ 34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________ 37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________ 40. child __________

2、写出下列各词的名词形式:

1. work _________ 2. teach _________ 3. sing ________ 4. ill ___________ 5. fight ___________ 6. invent ________ 7. wait ________ 8. woolen __________ 9. win ____________ 10. thankful ________ 11. foreign _________ 12. cloudy ________ 13. run __________ 14. dirty __________ 15. visit _________ 16. funny __________ 17. wooden ________ 18. medical ________ 19. operate ________ 20. hot __________ 21. invite __________22. worried ________ 23. build __________ 24. please ________ 25. help _________ 26. safe _________ 27. die _________ 28. dangerous _______ 29. draw ________ 30. noisy ________

3、单选题

一、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。

1.There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch. [广东省] A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts

2.My uncle will come to my house for dinner.I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him.[济宁] A.meat B.tomatoes C.apple juice

3.The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. [ 重庆] A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 4.At night the koala bear gets up and eats___________.[广元] A.1eaf B.1eaves C. leafs 5.The PLA man saved three ____lives in the accident.[济南] A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs'

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初中英语复习一—名词

6.Come on,children.Help yourselves to some_________ if you like.[南通]

A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens 7.All the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.[ 重庆] A.man B.men C.woman D.women

二、不可数名词数量的表达法。用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。

8.Mr Smith always has _________to tell us.[青岛] A.some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C.some good piece of newes D.some piece of good newes 9.——Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well.

一Well,I'd like to try those blue__________.[黄冈] A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair 10.―Would you like some drinks, boys?[ 河北] ―Yes, , please.

A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange 11. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. [ 黄冈] A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the

三、名词所有格及其用法。以-s结尾的单数名词加“’”或“’s”构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“’”;不规则复数名词在词尾加“’s”;两者或两者以上共同所有,把“’s”加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。

12._________fathers are both scientists.[ 咸宁]

A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob 13._____room is big and bright.They like it very much. [河北] A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's find Sam C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's 14.―How’s Joy’s skirt? ―Her skirt is more beautiful than . [ 兰州] A. her sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate’s D. her sister’s and Kate’s

四、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“'s”来构成所有格。如:today's newspaper.ten minutes,walk,China's industry

15. —Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? —No, it’s about _______.(浙江宁波) A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes’ walk D. 7 minute’s walk 16.——Come and see me in .

——With pleasure.That’s what I'm expecting.[哈尔滨]

A.two or three days' B.two or three day's time C.two or three days' time

17.I'm going on holiday on the 12th.I have to be back at work on the 26th.So I've got two_______ holiday.[临沂] A.weeks B.week's C.weeks' D.week

六、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义,再根据句法进一步确定词形。

18.Studying in a foreign country is a different _____and you can learn a lot.[盐城]

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初中英语复习一—名词

A.event B.exercise C.experience D.exhibition 19.---Would you like some_________?

---No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all. [陕西省] A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee 20.It's common ____that the Japanese eat Sushi. [沈阳] A.information B.knowledge C.direction D.instruction 21.The thing that ____is not whether you fan or not,but whether you try or not.[苏州] A.minds B.cares C.matters D.considers 22.——I don't know how to use this machine. 一It doesn't matter.Here is the____.[江西] A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement 23.——What do you know about____?

——Line drawings that show how something works.[沈阳] A.pictures B.diagrams C.programmes D.paintings

七、易混名词的区别。主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆的名词的用法。

24.---Look, the tall building looks very modern.

---Yes, and there is a garden on its ___________. A garden in the air! [河南省] A. top B. ground C. side D. floor 25.一How can I tell one tree from another?

一You can mostly tell them by the _________of their leaves.[07武汉市] A.shape B size C.age D color 26.---Oh! There isn't enough _________ for us in the bus. ---No hurry. Let's wait for the next. [昆明市] A. place B. land C. room D. floor 27.0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”.The students made a ____of 1 000 books.[淄博] A.note B.1ine C.menu D.1ist

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