广东省2019春中考英语二轮复习 第章 专题十一 非谓语动词(pdf) - 图文

专题十一　非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing /done)。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征。初中阶段重点掌握不定式的基本用法。 中考考点解读广东省卷近5年中考统计情况(★单项填空●完形填空◆短文填空)2014 2015 接不 2016 定式 2017 2018 ★in order not to do ★advise not to do ★expect to do ★ask to do ★sb. think it adj. to do接动名词20142015201620172018省略to的不定式20142015201620172018考点分析：从近5年的考查情况来看，非谓语动词是单项填空的必考题，每年均考查1题，近几年考查的都是动词不定式。2019年备考时仍要重点掌握动词不定式，但也要掌握动名词和省略to的不定式的用法。考点①结构肯定形式“to＋do”(有的不带to)否定形式“nottodo”动词不定式(一)1.动词不定式的形式与特点例子Heaskedmetoplayfootballwithhim.他让我和他一起踢足球。(带to)Isawaboygoacrosstheroadjustnow.我刚才看见有个男孩过了马路。(不带to)Theteachertoldmenottobelateagain.老师告诉我不要再迟到。2.用法：作宾语、作宾语补足语、目的状语和主语(1)不定式作宾语结构例子Suddenlyitbegantorain.①动(torain作began的宾语)词＋天突然开始下雨。todoIhopetoseethefamousscientist.sth.(tosee作hope的宾语)我希望看到这位著名的科学家。常见后接不定式作宾语的动词wanttodopromisetodoplantodosth.sth.sth.计划做某事想做某事承诺做某事liketodorefusetodobegin/starttosth.sth.dosth.喜欢做某事拒绝做某事开始做某事trytodoexpecttodowouldliketosth.sth.dosth.设法做某事期望做某事愿意做某事常见后接不定式作宾语的动词decidetodooffertodosth.learntodosth.主动提出做某sth.决定做某事学做某事事hopetodoaffordtodosth.help(to)dosth.承担得起做某sth.希望做某事帮忙做某事事agreetodocontinuetodopretendtodosth.sth.sth.同意做某事继续做某事假装做某事结构②疑问词与不定式连用作宾语例子whentodo(什么时候做)，howtodo(怎样做)，whattodo(做什么)，wheretodo(在哪儿做)，whichtodo(做哪一个)。例如：Idon’tknowwhattobuyformymother.(whattobuy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。结构例子③用it作形式Ifinditdifficulttolearn宾语，真正的Chinesewell.宾语在后面我发现学好中文很难。(2)不定式作宾语补足语MyfatheraskedMarytobuysomeflowersback.我爸爸叫玛丽去买些花回来。(Mary在句中作宾语，tobuy补充说明Mary要做的事)Mr.Litoldusnottoplaycomputergamesinthenetbar.李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电脑游戏。(us在句中作宾语，nottoplay补充说明us不要做的事)类似用法的动词有：asksb.(not)todosth.叫某人(不要)做某事tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人(不要)做某事wishsb.(not)todosth.希望某人(不要)做某事wouldlikesb.(not)todosth.想要某人(不要)做某事wantsb.(not)todoencouragesb.(not)sth.todosth.想某人(不要)做某鼓励某人(不要)做某事事teachsb.(not)todosth.allowsb.todosth.教某人(不要)做某允许某人做某事事expectsb.(not)todosth.invitesb.todosth.盼望某人(不要)做邀请某人做某事某事advisesb.(not)todosth.helpsb.(to)dosth.建议某人(不要)做帮助某人做某事某事(3)不定式作目的状语ShewenttoChinatolearnChinese.(tolearn作目的状语)她去中国学中文。(4)不定式作主语Todosportsisveryhealthy.＝Itisveryhealthytodosports.做运动很健康。中考真题面对面 (C)1.(2018广东)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportant______apeacefulworld.A.buildB.notbuildC.tobuildD.nottobuild(D)2.(2017广东)Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus_______thehabitofkeepingadiary.A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop(A)3.(2016广东)LeonardoDiCaprio,afamousAmericanactor,wasalwaysexpecting_______anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.willwinC.nottowinD.notwinning(B)4.(2015广东)Weadviseparents_______theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.notleaveB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave(A)5.(2014广东)Inorder______forthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelateB.notbeinglateC.tobelateD.beinglate(B)6.(2013广东)—Ididn’thearyoucomeinjustnow.—That’sgood.Wetried_______anynoise,foryouweresleeping.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.tomakeD.making(B)7.(2012广东)Ittookmetwoweeks________readingthenovelswrittenbyGuoJingming.A.finishB.tofinishC.finishesD.finishing(D)8.(2011广东)TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting_______aforeignlanguage.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.tolearn(A)9.(2010广东)—WecanuseQQtochatwitheachotherontheInternet.—Really?Willyoupleaseshowme_______it?A.howtouseB.whattouseC.howcanIuseD.whatcanIuse(A)10.(2009广东)Tom’smotheraskedhim_______somewashingafterdinner.A.todoB.doesC.doD.did对点专练 ( )1. Jack has lived in China for threeByears, but he is still unable _______Chinese fluently. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. not to speak ( )2. There was a big fire in the Abuilding. Fortunately, all the people managed _______ from the burning building. A. to escape B. escaping C. escape D. to escaping(D)3.Ryanpromised_______hisoldfriendduringhisholidayinHainan.It’shardforhimtohaveabreakthisyear.A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.tosee(A)4.—Iwilltrymybest______mysonfrommakingthesamemistake.—Youshouldlethimgothroughit.Thenhe'llunderstand.A.tostopB.stopC.stoppingD.stopped(D)5.Lotsofparentsoftenwarntheirkids_______theroadwhenthetrafficlightsarered.Buttheydon’talwaystaketheirparents’wordstoheart.A.tocrossB.crossingC.notcrossingD.nottocross考点②1.省to的不定式动词不定式(二)使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式作宾补时，若为主动语态，不定 式要省to；若为被动语态，要补to。常考的有：make sb. do sth. watch sb. do (doing) sth.使某人做某事 注视某人(正在)做某事 let sb. do sth. notice sb. do (doing) sth.让某人做某事 注意某人(正在)做某事 have sb. do sth. see sb. do (doing) sth. 使某人做某事 看见某人(正在)做某事 hear sb. do (doing) sth. 听见某人(正在)做某事 例如：I often see him run on the road. (省略to) 我经常看见他在马路上跑步。 2.不带to的常用句型hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事wouldratherdoAthandoB宁愿做A，也不愿做BYouhadbetterstayhere.It’sraininghard.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoplay.prefertodoAratherthandoB宁愿做A，也不愿做BWhydon’tyoudosth.?为什么不做某事？Whynotdosth.?为什么不做某事？Would/Couldyoupleasedosth.?请问你能做某事吗？Hepreferstohaveclassratherthanhavearest.Whydon’tyougoouttoseeafilmwithme?Whynotvisitmesometimenextweek?Would/Couldyoupleasepassmeaglassofwater?对点专练 (A)1.—Forthecomingvacation,whynot_______goingabroadandseeingtheoutsideworld?—Thatsoundsgreat.ButIdon’thavesomuchmoney.A.considerB.toconsiderC.consideringD.considers(C)2.—Goinghikingwithagroupofpeoplemakesme______.—Really?MayIgowithyounexttime?A.relaxingB.torelaxC.relaxD.torelaxing( )3. Li Tao is such a lazy boy that he Calways lets his mother ______ bags for him. He must get rid of the bad habit. A. carrying B. to carry C. carry D. carried (A)4.—Sarah,you’dbetter______morewaterafterrunningforsuchalongtime.—OK,Iwill.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drinks(B)5.—Whataboutgoingswimmingthisafternoon,Ann?—Iwouldrather______athomethan______swimming.It’salittlecoldoutside.A.stay;goingB.stay;goC.tostay;togoD.tostay;going考点③动名词1.动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形＋ing”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。例如：Nosmokinghere.这里禁止吸烟。(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语。如：Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。(作宾语)2.常考可接动名词的动词和动词短语avoiddoingminddoingfinishdoingsth.sth.sth.避免做某事介意做某事完成做某事likedoingpractisekeepdoingsth.doingsth.sth.喜欢做某事练习做某事坚持做某事enjoydoingconsidersuggestdoingsth.doingsth.sth.乐意做某事考虑做某事建议做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 prefer doing sth. to spend…(in) doing doing sth. sth. 比起做某事，更喜欢花……做某事 做某事 can’t help doing sth.feel like doing sth. 禁不住做某事 想做某事 pay attention to be busy doing sth. doing sth. 忙于做某事 注意做某事 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 be/getusedtodoingbeworthdoingsth.sth.值得做某事习惯于做某事lookforwardtogiveupdoingsth.doingsth.放弃做某事盼望做某事havedifficulty(in)succeedindoingdoingsth.sth.做某事有困难成功做某事What/Howaboutdoingsth.?做某事怎么样？3.有些动词既可接不定式，也可接-ing形式，但意义不同：stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)对点专练 (C)1.—Didyoutalkbacktoyourmotherwhenyouwereachild?—Yes.ButnowIrealizeIwaswrong.Ireallyregret_______thatsillythingtomymom.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did(B)2.—Whatkindofprogramdoyoulikebetter,sciencefictionsorcomedies?—Iprefer_______comedies.A.watchesB.watchingC.watchedD.watch(C)3.Everyoneislookingforwardto_______agoodtimeaftertheexam.Sotheyareseriouslypreparingfortheexam.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.tohaving(D)4.—Makesureyouturnoffthelightsandthecomputer,Mike.—Comeon,Mom.Youdon’thavetokeep_______meofit.A.remindB.toremindC.remindedD.reminding(D)5.Maggieisfondof_______popsongsfromtheInternetbecauseit’sfreeandconvenient.A.downloadB.todownloadC.downloadedD.downloading真题演练 1－5 BCCBD 　 11－15 DCDAC A组：模拟演练 6－10 BCCCD 16－20 ACABA 1－5 DDCCB 11－15 CBCAA 21－25 AAAAA6－10 CCCBB 16－20 CABCD B组：能力提升 1. to discuss 3. considering 5. to reduce 7. protecting 9. to say 2. to return 4. to keep6. fall8. having10. to visit