loadingstanding still mammals
sponge songebob squarepants soak up 17-2
circular a. oval
elliptical a. 隐晦的，间接的
hemisphere sphere 势力范围 圈子，阶层
This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US Glacier 冰川 Rotation rotate Axis 轴 symmetry axis Scope
Skeptical 怀疑性的 Tilt Precession Geology 16-1 permeable
permeate the smell of roast beef permeated the air limestone sulfuric acid
bacteria diagram, let’s draw a diagram water table 地下水位
fissure deep crack in something, especially in rock. Carbonic acid Dissolve Soluble Solution
Solv: loosen 溶解，解决，松开 Dry as a bone
Bone dry: the river bed is bone dry. Residue: 残余，残渣，remains Pesticide residue：农药残留 Homicide: 凶杀， suicide: 自杀 Cide: cut, kill; homi: 人 Decide Gypsum
Dormant: 潜伏的，休眠的，静止的 Dormant volcano
Elaborate: 复杂的，精心制作的，精巧的 Labor; 劳动
Collaborate: 合作，协作
15-2 gravel
grav=heavy, 沉重的，悲伤的 grave，aggravation gravity, gravitation gravitate
epoch: 纪元，时期 erosion and weathering remnants: 残存物
CE: common era
BCE: before common era 公元纪年
AD: Anno Domini, in the year of our lord, 主的纪年 BC: before Christ Livestock; 牲畜 9-3
Arabian Peninsula Barren: 贫瘠的，荒原
Monsoon: 季风，季风季节，季风雨 Dot, spot
Butte: 孤山，独立的山丘
Butt，button Sand dune
Torrential: torrential rain pours down very rapidly and in great quantities. Clay silt
Chop up 切开，割断 chopstick lamb chop Hollow: 坑，洞，山谷 a hollow tree, 空心的树 Ridge: 背脊，山脉，田埂，隆起 Hollows and ridges: 沟壑
Art history
3-3（Chauvet Painting） 8-2（Women Artist in Paris） 15-2（Palimpsest） 16-4（Stained Glass Art） 17-1（Prehistoric Art Dating） 18-2（Copies of Greek Sculptures） 26-4（Archimedes Palimpsest） 34-1（Dadaism）
1-1（Rose Frantzen） 19-4（Cecilia Beaux） 21-4（Alice Neel） 27-4（Primary Colors）